Peruvian Investigative Police

On August 7, 1919, President Augusto Bernardino Leguía Salcedo enacted Legislative Decree No. 1163 which began the reorganization of the police services. Among others the decree granted the wishes of many officers for a separate academy for the education and training of law enforcement officers.[5] To fulfil this mission the President sent a request to HM King Alfonso XIII of Spain to send Spanish Civil Guard officers for the police reorganization plan and the creation of the long awaited police academy and later created a reorganization mission through a Supreme Resolution dated April 4, 1921. The training mission was led by Lieutenant Colonel Pedro Pueyo, SCG, and on January 21, 1922, the training mission staff presented their 14 bills to the President and the Minister of Government, one of them concerning the future officer school and the long awaited separate unit for investigative work. Formerly these officer cadets of the Civil Guard, the Security Corps, and the soon to be created Investigation and Surveillance Brigade shared the same academy as the officer cadets of the Peruvian Army: the Chorrillos Military School, and shared the same reporting ministry in the War Ministry, not in the Government and Police Ministry, as well as the military tradition and rank system as part of the Peruvian Armed Forces, while the CGIC was only limited to other ranks as well as being the post graduate specialty school for the officers.

On July 2 the same year, President Leguía officially created through Supreme Decree the "School of the Civil Guard and the Police of the Republic", and formally laid the groundwork for the future creation of a national investigations service. The said school, alongside training future detective officers, had a separate section set for NCOs and agents of investigative policing with an fingerprinting section attached as per the recommendations made by the Civil Guard mission. The new academy, opened on November 1, had 30 cadets of the investigation course and a number of investigation officer cadets wearing Civil Guard and Security Corps uniforms.

On October 12, 1922, the long awaited day came when President Leguía created what was then the Investigation and Surveillance Brigade (ISB) (Brigada de Investigación y Vigilancia, BIV), organized into the following:

• Presidential Section
• Foreigners Police
• Investigative Operations and Detection Section
• Fingerprinting Section

The ISB, under the overall command of the Inspector General of Police, a general-ranked officer, was under a Technical Inspector. For all effects and purposes the ISB was a separate investigative section under the full responsibility of the Civil Guard which also served the needs of the also newly created Security Corps.

On March 12, 1924, a Ministerial Resolution by the Ministry of Government and Police officially adopted the fingerprinting system invented by Federico Olóriz Aguilera in Spain for use by the ISB.

On August 26, 1929, the ISB was upgraded into the Investigation and Surveillance Corps (ISC).

In 1933 the Technical Police Laboratories in Lima were opened in the presence of President Oscar R. Benavides, giving the ISC a modern and up to date facility for investigative work. 4 years later, the Lima Criminological Laboratories opened its doors. In 1938 the NCO Cadet Course (Investigation) of the Police Academy was opened with an initial makeup of 100 NCO cadets and basic training agents.

To better supervise the ISC, the Directorate for Investigation was created in 1946. Under President José Luis Bustamante it had its organic law updated in 1948 to catch up with the changing trends in investigative work. His successor, President General Manuel Arturo Odría, upgraded it to a Directorate General in the Civil Guard organization.