Peterborough County

Peterborough County is located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The county seat is The City of Peterborough, which is independent of the county.

For other uses, see Peterborough (disambiguation).
Peterborough County
County (upper-tier)
County of Peterborough
Location of Peterborough County
Location of Peterborough County
Coordinates: 44°30′N 78°10′W
Country Canada
Province Ontario
RegionCentral Ontario
Founded1838 (as District of Colborne)
County seatPeterborough
Municipalities
List
Area
[1]
 • Land3,769.29 km2 (1,455.33 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total55,800
 • Density14.8/km2 (38/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Websitewww.ptbocounty.ca

The southern section of the county is mix of agriculture, urban and lakefront properties. The northern section of the county is mostly sparsely populated wilderness with numerous rivers and lakes, mostly within the recently expanded Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park.

The County contains the Lang Pioneer Village, and the Kawarthas are a major tourist region.

History
🌍
Map of Peterborough County, showing townships and main settlements.[3]

Origins and evolution

In 1615, Samuel de Champlain was one of the first western explorers who traveled through the area, coming down from Lake Chemong and portaging down a trail, which is approximated by present-day Chemong Road, to the Otonabee River[4] and stayed for a brief time near the present-day site of Bridgenorth, just north of Peterborough.

The area was initially part of Northumberland County, which was formed by proclamation of the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe in 1792,[5] and defined by statute in 1798.[6] In 1802, Northumberland was included in the Newcastle District.[7] In 1841, the northern part of the District was detached to form the Colborne District, with the northern portion of Northumberalnd county made into the new County of Peterborough.[8] It consisted of the following territory:

Organization of the Colborne District (1841)[9]
County of Peterborough

The townships of

  • Belmont
  • Methurn
  • Burleigh
  • Dummer
  • Asphodel
  • Otonabee
  • Douro
  • Smith
  • Ennismore
  • Harvey
  • Verulam
  • Emily
  • Ops
  • Fenelon
  • Mariposa
  • Eldon
  • Bexley
  • Somerville

and

  • the seven rear concessions of Monaghan
  • the unsurveyed lands in rear thereof, and the Islands lying wholly or in greater part opposite thereto...

The county was named in honor of Col. Peter Robinson, who in 1825 brought 2,000 settlers from Ireland. The route taken was by way of Port Hope, Rice Lake and the Otonabee River, the same route used by the first settlers that entered this region in 1818.

The centre of the County was originally the courthouse, which is still considered an important historical site.

In 1851, Peterborough County was divided into the counties of Peterborough and Victoria, which were united for municipal purposes as the United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria.[10]

Townships forming the United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria (1851)
County of PeterboroughCounty of Victoria
  • Belmont
  • Methuen
  • Burleigh
  • Dummer
  • Harvey
  • Douro
  • Smith
  • Monaghan North
  • Asphodel
  • Ennismore
  • Otonabee
  • Mariposa
  • Ops
  • Emily
  • Eldon
  • Fenelon
  • Bexley
  • Verulam
  • Somerville
1862 Johnson Map of Ontario and Quebec. The full extent of Peterborough County at that time is highlighted in pink.

A plebiscite was authorized in 1856 to facilitate the creation of a provisional county council for Victoria,[11] but, as the united counties council delayed conducting it, a further Act was passed in 1861 to compel its being held, following which the provisional council was formed.[12] and its formal separation took place in 1863.[13]

Further townships were surveyed, thus extending the reach of the County northwards. In 1874, the townships of Bruton, Cardiff, Dysart, Dudley, Glamorgan, Guilford, Harburn, Harcourt, Minden, Monmouth, Snowden and Stanhope were withdrawn from the County and transferred to the new Provisional County of Haliburton.[14]

After the transfer of the northern townships to Haliburton, the remainder of the County consisted of the following:[15]

Townships forming the County of Peterborough (1874)
TownshipsAreaOpenedDescription
Asphodel37,871 acres (59.2 sq mi; 153.3 km2)1821Named after the Greek word for lily.
Belmont and MethuenArea 81,088 acres (127 sq mi; 328 km2)1823By 1842 it had only 33 householders; in 1866 only 185. Townships were mainly rock, lake and stream.
Burleigh and Anstruther32,160 acres (50 sq mi; 130 km2)1861First Post Office was called Burleigh. Separated from Dummer Township in 1865.
Chandos56,225 acres (88 sq mi; 228 km2)1862Named after the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
Douro34,446 acres (54 sq mi; 139 km2)1821Named after the Battle of Douro in the Peninsular War.
Dummer68,812 acres (108 sq mi; 278 km2)1821Named in honor of William Dummer Powell, Chief Justice of Upper Canada. A Colony of immigrants came in 1831, of whom 150 were sent out by the Marquess of Bath.
Ennismore17,245 acres (27 sq mi; 70 km2)1829Named in honor of William Hare, Viscount Ennismore, formerly M.P. for Cork City in the Parliament of Ireland, who died in 1827. Originally it was called Emily Gore.
Galway and Cavendish57,218 acres (89 sq mi; 232 km2)1857/1862
Harvey68,755 acres (107 sq mi; 278 km2)1821Named after Sir John Harvey, Deputy Adjutant General in Canada during the War of 1812. Was part of Smith township until 1866. First settler were retired officers who come in 1832, but did not succeed.
North Monaghan14,096 acres (22 sq mi; 57 km2)1820
Otonabee64,024 acres (100 sq mi; 259 km2)1820Named after the Otonabee River. The word in Indian signifies a delta.
Smith58,043 acres (90.7 sq mi; 234.9 km2)1819Settled by Allen Otty.

The Town of Peterborough became a City in 1905, and was subsequently withdrawn from the County for municipal purposes.[16]

In 1974, as a result of the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham, the township of Cavan and the village of Millbrook were withdrawn from Durham County, and the township of South Monaghan was withdrawn from Northumberland County, to be transferred to Peterborough County.[17]

Current municipalities

As a consequence of the Common Sense Revolution in Ontario, the County was restructured into the following municipalities during the period 1997-2004:

Two First Nations reserves are independent of county administration:

Demographics
Canada census – Peterborough community profile
202120162011
Population147,681 (+6.8% from 2016)138,236 (2.5% from 2011)134,933 (1.4% from 2006)
Land area3,779.47 km2 (1,459.26 sq mi)3,848.20 km2 (1,485.80 sq mi)3,847.77 km2 (1,485.63 sq mi)
Population density39.1/km2 (101/sq mi)35.9/km2 (93/sq mi)35.1/km2 (91/sq mi)
Median age46.8 (M: 45.2, F: 48.4)46.9 (M: 45.4, F: 48.3)45.7 (M: 44.3, F: 46.7)
Private dwellings73,045 (total)  70,551 (total)  68,009 (total) 
Median household income$64,437
References: 2021[18] 2016[2] 2011[19] earlier[20][21]
Peterborough County
YearPop.±%
1996123,448—    
2001125,856+2.0%
2006133,080+5.7%
2011134,933+1.4%
2016138,236+2.4%
2021147,681+6.8%
Panethnic groups in Peterborough County (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group		 2021[22] 2016[23] 2011[24] 2006[25] 2001[26]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 128,150 88.48% 123,010 91.07% 123,080 93.29% 124,165 94.41% 117,560 95.11%
Indigenous 7,095 4.9% 6,160 4.56% 4,810 3.65% 4,145 3.15% 3,085 2.5%
South Asian 3,030 2.09% 1,565 1.16% 885 0.67% 680 0.52% 965 0.78%
East Asian[lower-alpha 2] 1,630 1.13% 1,395 1.03% 955 0.72% 1,060 0.81% 815 0.66%
African 1,620 1.12% 1,005 0.74% 785 0.6% 625 0.48% 500 0.4%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 3] 1,270 0.88% 870 0.64% 590 0.45% 295 0.22% 260 0.21%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 4] 855 0.59% 435 0.32% 310 0.23% 190 0.14% 120 0.1%
Latin American 530 0.37% 245 0.18% 240 0.18% 265 0.2% 140 0.11%
Other[lower-alpha 5] 660 0.46% 405 0.3% 255 0.19% 95 0.07% 160 0.13%
Total responses 144,840 98.08% 135,075 97.71% 131,930 97.78% 131,520 98.83% 123,600 98.21%
Total population 147,681 100% 138,236 100% 134,928 100% 133,080 100% 125,856 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Major places

Cities
Rural scene, Peterborough County, near Lakefield, Ontario

Towns/Villages

Media

In 1994, the Connection newspaper (previously known as Causeway Connection) established in Selwyn in central Peterborough County. The free monthly cottage country newspaper is distributed by mail, providing non-partisan news and information. The Connection is expanding both its distribution areas and internet presence.

See also

Notes
  1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  3. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  4. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References
  1. "Peterborough County census profile". 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  2. "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021.
  3. Restructured municipalities - Ontario map #5 (Map). Restructuring Maps of Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  4. "Peterborough and the Kawarthas". Trent University. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2008.
  5. Proclamation, Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, July 16, 1792; reprinted in Statutes of the Province of Upper Canada; Together with Such British Statutes, Ordinances of Quebec, and Proclamations, as Relate to the Said Province (Kingston: F. M. Hill, 1831), p. 24.
  6. An act for the better division of this province, SUC 1798 (38 Geo. III), c. 5, s. 19. Reprinted in The Statutes of Upper Canada to the Time of Union, Revised and Published by Authority, Vol. I - Public Acts (Toronto: Robert Stanton, Queen's Printer, 1843).
  7. An Act to provide for the Administration of Justice in the District of Newcastle, S.U.C. 1802, c. 2
  8. An Act to authorize the Erection of certain Townships, and other territory heretofore forming part of the Newcastle District, into a new District, by the name of the District of Colborne, with Peterborough for the District Town, S.U.C. 1837, c. 115 , implemented by the Proclamation of October 14, 1841
  9. 1837 Act, s. 1
  10. An Act to make certain alterations in the Territorial Divisions of Upper Canada, S.C. 1851, c. 5, Sch. A-B
  11. An Act to provide for the separation of the County of Victoria from the County of Peterborough, and to fix the County Town at Lindsay, S.Prov.C. 1856, c. 95
  12. An Act to amend the Act to provide for the separation of the County of Victoria from the County of Peterborough, and to fix the County Town at Lindsay, S.Prov.C. 1861, c. 50
  13. An Act to confirm the separation of the late United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria, and the several proceedings taken relative thereto, S.Prov.C. 1863, c. 10
  14. An Act to incorporate the Municipality of Haliburton, and to provide for its becoming a Provisional County, S.O. 1874, c. 65
  15. Middletown, Jesse Edgar; Landon, Fred (1927). Province of Ontario: A History 1615 to 1927. Toronto: Dominion Publishing Company.
  16. An Act respecting the Town of Peterborough, S.O. 1905, c. 67
  17. The Regional Municipality of Durham Act, 1973, S.O. 1973, c. 78, s. 134(3)
  18. "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  19. "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  20. "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  21. "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
  22. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  23. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  24. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  25. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  26. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
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