Petiole (insect anatomy)

In entomology, petiole is the technical term for the narrow waist of some hymenopteran insects, especially ants, bees, and wasps in the suborder Apocrita.

For the botanical use, see petiole (botany).
The sand wasp Ammophila sabulosa has an exceptionally long petiole.
This Acanthomyrmex ant has a petiole and postpetiole

The petiole can consist of either one or two segments, a characteristic that separates major subfamilies of ants.

Structure

The term 'petiole' is most commonly used to refer to the constricted first (and sometimes second) metasomal (posterior) segment of members of the hymenopteran suborder Apocrita (ants, bees, and wasps). It is sometimes also used to refer to other insects with similar body shapes, where the metasomal base is constricted. The petiole is occasionally called a pedicel, but in entomology, that term is more correctly reserved for the second segment of the antenna;[1][2] while in arachnology, 'pedicel' is the accepted term to define the constriction between the cephalothorax and abdomen of spiders.

The plump portion of the abdomen posterior to the petiole (and postpetiole in the Myrmicinae) is called the gaster.[3]

The structure of the petiole is an easy way to visually classify ants, because the major subfamilies of Formicidae have structural differences: some ants have two-segmented petioles, while others have a single-segmented petiole.[4]

The only group other than ants known to ever possess a two-segmented petiole are wasps in the family Mymarommatidae, for which this is a diagnostic feature.

Other uses

Petiole may also be used in the context of wing veins, where a wing cell that is ordinarily four-sided is reduced to a triangle with a stalk (the cell thus being 'petiolate').

The stalk at the base of paper wasp nests is also called a petiole.

References
  1. "Glossary". University of Florida. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  2. Zombori, L. (1999). Dictionary of Insect Morphology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 173. ISBN 9783110148985.
  3. Zombori, L. (1999). Dictionary of Insect Morphology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 79.
  4. Gordon, Deborah (2010). Ant Encounters. Princeton University Press.
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