Pha̍k-oa-chhi romanization
Pha̍k-oa-chhi (Chinese: 白話字) is a Latin-based writing system for the Nanchang dialect of the Gan language. Pha̍k-oa-chhi is based on Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, and it is also related to other orthographies as Pha̍k-fa-sṳ for Hakka, Bǽh-oe-tu for Hainanese, Bàng-uâ-cê for Foochow, and Pe̍h-uē-jī for Teochew.
| Sinitic (Chinese) romanization |
|---|
| Mandarin |
| Wu |
| Yue |
| Min |
| Gan |
| Hakka |
| Xiang |
| Polylectal |
| See also |
Alphabet
Consonants
| Pha̍k-oa-chhi | Examples | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| p | 不丙八 | [p] |
| ph | 便坡平 | [pʰ] |
| m | 名卯免 | [m] |
| f | 夫火話 | [ɸ]~[f] |
| t | 丁典丹 | [t] |
| th | 天土大 | [tʰ] |
| l | 乃六男 | [l] |
| ch | 中主九 | [ts]~[tɕ] |
| chh | 七丈出 | [tsʰ]~[tɕʰ] |
| s | 細司西 | [s]~[ɕ] |
| gn | 年元女 | [ɲ]~[nʲ] |
| k | 各光交 | [k] |
| kh | 可口共 | [kʰ] |
| ng | 哀安恩 | [ŋ] |
| h | 下何合 | [h] |
| ∅ (null) | 一也雲 | ∅ |
Monophthongs
| Pha̍k-oa-chhi | Example | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| a | 下三人 | [a] |
| i | 一丁世 | [i]~[ɨ] |
| u | 中公共 | [u] |
| ṳ | 主雲於 | [y] |
| e | 冊則然 | [ɛ] |
| e̤ | 不政珍 | [ə] |
| o | 上何作 | [ɔ] |
Diphthongs
| Pha̍k-oa-chhi | Example | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| ai | 介代 | [ai] |
| au | 交保 | [au] |
| ia | 也且 | [ia] |
| iu | 久九 | [iu] |
| ie | 幹便 | [iɛ] |
| ie | 葉折 | [iə] |
| io | 享亮 | [iɔ] |
| oa | 凡刮 | [ua] |
| oi | 久九 | [ui] |
| oe | 國或 | [uɛ] |
| oe | - | [uə] |
| uo | 亡光 | [uɔ] |
| ṳo | 全元 | [yɔ] |
Tone
| Tone | Example | Pha̍k-oa-chhi |
|---|---|---|
| 陰平 Yin Ping | 妻欺溪 | chhi |
| 陽平 Yang Ping | 其器奇旗 | chhí |
| 上聲 Shang Sheng | 啟氣豈起 | chhî |
| 陰去 Yin Qu | 眵 | chhī |
| 陽去 Yang Qu | 技 | chhì |
| 入聲 Ru Sheng | 七極疾 | chhi̍+p, t, k |
External links
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