Phantasmarana bocainensis

Phantasmarana bocainensis, also known as Bocaina big tooth frog is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. It is endemic to Brazil and only known from its type locality in the Serra da Bocaina National Park, São Paulo state.[1][2][3][4]

Phantasmarana bocainensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylodidae
Genus: Phantasmarana
Species:
P. bocainensis
Binomial name
Phantasmarana bocainensis
(Giaretta, Bokermann, and Haddad, 1993)
Synonyms
  • Megaelosia bocainensis Giaretta, Bokermann, and Haddad, 1993

It was formerly placed in the genus Megaelosia, but was reclassified to Phantasmarana in 2021.[5][6]

Description

Phantasmarana bocainensis was described from a single specimen, a juvenile female measuring 67 mm (2.6 in) in snout–vent length (the holotype)[7]—as of 2004, no other individuals were known.[1] The dorsolateral skin is granular. The snout is rounded in dorsal view and bluntly rounded in profile. The canthus rostralis is evident and slightly arcuated.[7]

Habitat and conservation

The holotype was found concealed under a rock at the margin of a mountain stream at night.[1][7] Threats to this species are unknown but the type locality is a protected area.[1] Since its last sighting in 1968, the Phantasmarana bocainensis frog was presumed to have been extinct. In August 2020, researchers conducted eDNA metabarcoding to extract DNA left behind by living organisms in rivers, ponds, bromeliads, streams and puddles in southeastern Brazil. From this sampling, they found DNA from the Phantasmarana bocainensis frog and confirmed the presence of the species.[8]

References
  1. Débora Silvano; Sergio Potsch de Carvalho-e-Silva; Ana Maria Telles (2004). "Megaelosia bocainensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T57180A11581223. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57180A11581223.en. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Megaelosia bocainensis Giaretta, Bokermann, and Haddad, 1993". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
  3. Garey, Michel V.; Provete, Diogo B.; Martins, Itamar A.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Rossa-Feres, Denise C. (2014). "Anurans from the Serra da Bocaina National Park and surrounding buffer area, southeastern Brazil". Check List. 10 (2): 308–316. doi:10.15560/10.2.308.
  4. "Phantasmarana bocainensis (Giaretta, Bokermann, and Haddad, 1993)". Amphibian Species of the World. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  5. "Phantasmarana bocainensis (Giaretta, Bokermann, and Haddad, 1993)". Amphibian Species of the World. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  6. Vittorazzi, S. E.; G. Augusto-Alves; D. Neves-da-Silva; A. M. P. T. de Carvalho-e-Silva; S. M. Recco-Pimentel; L. F. Toledo; L. B. Lourenço; D. P. Bruschi (2021). "Paraphyly in the giant torrent-frogs (Anura: Hylodidae: Megaelosia) and the description of a new genus". www.salamandra-journal.com. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  7. Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Bokermann, Werner C. A.; Haddad, Celio F. B. (1993). "A review of the genus Megaelosia (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new species". Journal of Herpetology. 27 (3): 276–285. doi:10.2307/1565148. JSTOR 1565148.
  8. Lopes, Carla; Baêta, Délio; Valentini, Alice; Lyra, Mariana Lúcio; Sabbag, Ariadne Fares; Gasparini, João Luiz; Dejean, Tony; Baptista Haddad, Célio Fernando; Zamudio, Kelly Raquel (2020). "Lost and found: Frogs in a biodiversity hotspot rediscovered with environmental DNA". Molecular Ecology. 30 (13): 3289–3298. doi:10.1111/mec.15594. PMID 32786119. S2CID 221126569. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
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