Philometra

Philometra is a genus of nematodes, which are parasites of marine and freshwater fishes.[1] The genus was erected by Oronzio Gabriele Costa in 1845.

Philometra
Philometra fasciati
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Nematoda
Class:
Secernentea
Order:
Camallanida
Family:
Philometridae
Genus:
Philometra

Costa, 1845
Species

See text

Species in this genus are worldwide. They parasitize the body cavities, tissues and ovaries of both marine and freshwater fishes. When still in the larval stages, these worms move to the body cavities or subcutaneous tissues in the host. This migration can cause damage to skeletal joints, result in internal bleeding, and inflame visceral organs. Emaciation and lowered growth rates may result from this.

Infestation produces nodules under the skin. When the worms are in the adult or juvenile stage, these nodules may be visible between the rays of the fins or may cause the scales to raise up. Larger nodules may be the result of gravid females which may rupture the skin surface. Once ruptured, the female disintegrates. This allows the release of the live larvae into the water. This wound on the fish then heals, leaving almost no scarring.

Species of Philometra require two hosts to complete their life cycle. After the larval worms are released from the host fish, they are ingested by copepods which act as an intermediate host. Once inside the copepod, the larvae molt several times. Fish may then eat the infested copepod.

Known hosts

Species of this genus are known to parasitize numerous species of fish, including:

  • Ovary of fish with visible Philometra females
    Ovary of fish with visible Philometra females
  • Philometra fasciati
    Philometra fasciati
  • Philometra austropacifica
    Philometra austropacifica
  • Philometra selaris
    Philometra selaris
  • Philometra protonibeae
    Philometra protonibeae
  • Philometra protonibeae
    Philometra protonibeae
  • Philometra protonibeae
    Philometra protonibeae
  • Philometra sp.
    Philometra sp.

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized by the World Register of Marine Species:[2]

Nomina dubia
  • Philometra brevicollis Moravec & Justine, 2011
  • Philometra carolinensis Moravec , de Buron & Roumillat, 2006
  • Philometra cephalus Ramachandran, 1975
  • Philometra charlestonensis Moravec , de Buron, Baker & González-Solís, 2008
  • Philometra cyanopodi Moravec & Justine, 2008
  • Philometra cynoscionis Moravec , de Buron & Roumillat, 2006
  • Philometra fasciati Moravec & Justine, 2008
  • Philometra filiformis (Stossich, 1896)
  • Philometra floridensis Moravec , Fajer-Avila & Bakenhaster, 2010
  • Philometra genypteri Moravec , Chávez & Olivia, 2011
  • Philometra gymnothoracis Moravec & Buron, 2009
  • Philometra inimici Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra isaki Quiazon, Yoshinaga & Ogawa, 2008
  • Philometra jordanoi (López-Neyra, 1951)
  • Philometra justinei Moravec , Ternengo & Levron, 2006
  • Philometra katsuwoni Petter & Baudin-Laurencin, 1986
  • Philometra lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935)
  • Philometra lethrini Moravec & Justine, 2008
  • Philometra macroandri (Shchepkina, 1978)
  • Philometra madai Quiazon, Yoshinaga & Ogawa, 2008
  • Philometra managatuwo Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra margolisi Moravec , et al., 1995
  • Philometra mexicana Moravec & Salgado-Maldonado, 2007
  • Philometra mira Moravec & Justine, 2011
  • Philometra nemipteri Luo, 2001
  • Philometra neolateolabracis Rajyalakshmi, Hanumantha Rao & Shyamasundari, 1985
  • Philometra neptomeni Mateo, 1972
  • Philometra obladae Moravec , Gaglio, Panebianco & Giannetto, 2008
  • Philometra obturans (Prennant, 1886)
  • Philometra ocularis Moravec , Ogawa, Suzuki, Miyazaki & Donai, 2002
  • Philometra overstreeti Moravec & de Buron, 2006
  • Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893)
  • Philometra rajani Mukherjee, 1963
  • Philometra sciaenae Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra scomberomori (Yamaguti, 1935)
  • Philometra sebastisci Yamaguti, 1941
  • Philometra serranellicabrillae Janiszewska, 1949
  • Philometra strongylurae Moravec & Ali, 2005
  • Philometra tenuicauda Moravec & Justine, 2009
  • Philometra terapontis Moravec , Gopalakrishnan, Rajkumar, Saravanakumar & Kaliyamoorthy, 2011
  • Philometra tylosuri Moravec & Ali, 2005

References
  1. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/species/disease/pdfs/fishdiseases/philometra.pdf
  2. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Philometra Costa, 1845". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 6 February 2015.

Further reading
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