Phlomoides tuberosa

Phytochemical analyses of Phlomoides tuberosa leaves have found flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-О-glucuronide, orientin, isoorientin,[4][5][6][7] phenylpropanoids acteoside (verbascoside), forsythoside B,[8] decaffeoyl-acteoside, leucosceptoside A, marthynoside, neolignanes,[9] iridoids sesamoside, 5-desoxy-sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamalbide,[10] 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside, phloyoside I, chlorotuberoside,[9] sterols, triterpenes oleanolic acid, ursolic acid.[11] Dried leaves of plants collected in Buryatia yielded 0.02% of essential oil with a weak aroma with dominant phytol, linalool, eugenol and caryophyllene oxide.[12] The seed has yielded 11.8% of oil, including 3.3% gadoleic acid and some fatty acids containing the unusual allene group, 25.1% laballenic acid and 2.9% phlomic acid.[13] The roots shown the presence of oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, flavonoids luteolin, linarin, quercitrin, phenylpropanoids acteoside, isoacteoside (isoverbascoside), forsythoside B, chlorogenic acid, decaffeoyl-acteosyde, iridoids shazhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhigenin methyl ester, floyoside I, phlotuberosides I and II, phlorigidoside C, diterpenes (abietanes, labdanes).[14][15]

This plant is grown in full sun, but may tolerate some shade.[2] The cultivar 'Amazone' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[16]

The Kalmyks are said to have eaten the cooked root, calling the plant bodmon sok.[17] Another source for Mongolia has the plant used as a folk restorative medicine against intoxication, tuberculosis, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.[14] Buryat lamas used some part of the plant to treat diarrhoea, eye and lung disease and as a sedative.[12]

• 
  Densly pubescent Spring shoots emerging from the soil among remains of previous season’s growth
• 
  Basal rosettes of a stand of plants in Spring, forest margin, Austria
• 
  Single, basal rosette of Spring foliage
• 
  Elongating flowering stem before development of inflorescence
• 
  Flowering stem arising from basal rosette of foliage showing inflorescence at early stage of development
• 
  Detail of single cordate basal leaf
• 
  Paired, opposite, cauline leaves at a stem node
• 
  Stand of flowering plants in a tall-herb meadow, lower Austria
• 
  Stand of plants in flower in a tall-herb meadow, Ukraine
• 
  Detail of inflorescence in bud
• 
  Detail of inflorescence
• 
  Single flower, showing ciliate upper lip of corolla
• 
  Ciliate upper lip of corolla viewed from beneath to show stamens
• 
  Detail of unripe infructescence
• 
  Detail of ripe infructescence showing the four nutlets in each fruiting calyx
• 
  Array of ripe fruits (nutlets) separated from their fruiting calyces
• 
  Edible tuberous roots: Kalmyk: bodmon sok