Isotopes of phosphorus

Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 isotopes from 26P to 47P, only 31P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33P with a half-life of 25.34 days and 32P with a half-life of 14.268 days.[3][4] All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is 47P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.

Isotopes of phosphorus (15P)
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.269 d β− 32S
33P trace 25.35 d β− 33S
Standard atomic weight Ar°(P)
  • 30.973761998±0.000000005
  • 30.974±0.001 (abridged)[1][2]

List of isotopes
Nuclide[5]
[n 1]		 Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[6]
[n 2][n 3]		 Half-life
[n 4]		 Decay
mode
[n 5]		 Daughter
isotope
[n 6]		 Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4]		 Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy Normal proportion Range of variation
26P[n 8] 15 11 26.01178(21)# 43.7(6) ms β+ (63.2%) 26Si (3+)
β+, p (36.8%) 25Al
26mP 164.4(1) keV 120(9) ns IT 26P
27P 15 12 26.999224(28) 260(80) ms β+ (99.93%) 27Si 1/2+
β+, p (.07%) 26Al
28P 15 13 27.9923266(12) 270.3(5) ms β+ (99.99%) 28Si 3+
β+, p (.0013%) 27Al
β+, α (8.6×10−4%) 24Mg
29P 15 14 28.9818004(4) 4.142(15) s β+ 29Si 1/2+
30P 15 15 29.97831349(7) 2.498(4) min β+ 30Si 1+
31P 15 16 30.9737619986(7) Stable 1/2+ 1.0000
32P 15 17 31.97390764(4) 14.268(5) d β− 32S 1+ Trace
33P 15 18 32.9717257(12) 25.35(11) d β− 33S 1/2+
34P 15 19 33.9736459(9) 12.43(10) s β− 34S 1+
35P 15 20 34.9733141(20) 47.3(8) s β− 35S 1/2+
36P 15 21 35.978260(14) 5.6(3) s β− 36S 4−
37P 15 22 36.97961(4) 2.31(13) s β− 37S (1/2+)
38P 15 23 37.98430(8) 0.64(14) s β− (87.5%) 38S
β−, n (12.5%) 37S
39P 15 24 38.98629(12) 282(24) ms β− (73.2%) 39S 1/2+#
β−, n (26.8%) 38S
40P 15 25 39.99129(16) 150(8) ms β− (84.2%) 40S (2−,3−)
β−, n (15.8%) 39S
41P 15 26 40.99465(13) 101(5) ms β− (70%) 41S 1/2+#
β−, n (30%) 40S
42P 15 27 42.00108(34) 48.5(15) ms β− (50%) 42S
β−, n (50%) 41S
43P 15 28 43.00502(60) 35.8(13) ms β−, n (100%) 42S 1/2+#
β−, 2n ? 41S
44P 15 29 44.01122(54)# 18.5(25) ms β− 44S
45P 15 30 45.01675(54)# 24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms[7] β−, n (79%) 44S 1/2+#
β−, 2n (21%) 43S
46P 15 31 46.02466(75)# 4# ms [>200 ns] β− 46S
47P[8] 15 32 47.03190(86)# 2# ms β− 47S
This table header & footer:
  1. mP – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. Modes of decay:
    IT:Isomeric transition
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  6. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. Has 1 halo proton

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32
Main article: Phosphorus-32

32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. 32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by 32P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.[9]

Phosphorus-33

33P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of 31P (stable). The 33P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. 33P is used as an alternative to 32P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, 33P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.[10]


References
  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. PubChem. "Phosphorus Radioisotopes". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  4. "phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973)". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  5. Half-life, decay mode, nuclear spin, and isotopic composition is sourced in:
    Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
  6. Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030003-1–030003-442. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003.
  7. Crawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 129 (212501): 212501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. S2CID 253600995.
  8. Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. (2019). "Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging". Physical Review Letters. 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. arXiv:1901.07632. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122f2502N. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502. PMID 30822058. S2CID 73508148.
  9. "Phosphorus-32".
  10. "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".
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