Phyllis Gardner (clinical pharmacologist)

Phyllis I. Gardner (born July 7, 1950) is a Professor of Medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine. She has previously served as Dean of Education. Gardner was one of the first people to be publicly skeptical of Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of blood testing company Theranos, who was later found guilty of investor fraud.[1][2][3]

Phyllis Gardner
Alma mater
Known forIon channel biophysics
Scientific career
Institutions

Early life and education

Gardner completed her bachelor's degree at the University of Illinois, where she specialized in biology.[4] She studied at Harvard Medical School and graduated in 1976.[4][5][6] She has held a license to practice medicine in California since 1979.[5] She completed research fellowships at Columbia University and University College London. She was a postdoctoral fellow at University College London in 1982.[7] Gardner trained in internal medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital.[4] She was a Chief Resident at the Stanford School of Medicine. In 2002 Gardner argued against a merger of University College London and Imperial College London.[8]

Research and career

Gardner joined Stanford University in 1984.[9] Gardner works on cardiac arrhythmias and cystic fibrosis pathogenesis.[4] In 1998 Gardner was appointed Senior Associate Dean for Education and Student Affairs at Stanford University.[10] She is a Professor of Clinical Pharmacology.[11] She led a laboratory that focused on ion channel biophysics.[12]

Entrepreneurship

After spending ten years in academia, Gardner became interested in research and development and entrepreneurship.[12] She developed several forms of slow released medication, including an adaptation for retention in the stomach.[13][14] Gardner has been involved with several start-ups in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. From 1996 to 1998 Gardner served as Vice President of Research and Head of the Technology Institute at the Alza Corporation.[10] Gardner served as Director of the biopharmaceutical company Revance Therapeutics from 2007 to 2018.[15] She is an adjunct partner at Essex Woodlands Health Ventures.[16] She founded several companies, including the Genomics Collaborative, SKOLAR and the CambriaTech Holding Co.[17] She was appointed to the Board Of Directors of Ventaira Pharmaceuticals in 2006.[17] Gardner serves on the Board of Fellows of the Harvard Medical School.[18] She was appointed to the Board of Directors of CohBar, a clinical stage biotechnology company, in 2019.[4]

In 2002, Elizabeth Holmes visited Gardner at Stanford University.[9] Holmes proposed her idea for a microfluidic device that could detect and treat infectious diseases.[9][19] Gardner was critical of the proposal, explaining that it is not possible to use antibiotics on such a small scale.[9][20][21] Holmes dropped out of Stanford a few months later, but Gardner followed the evolution of Theranos.[20] Very briefly, both served on the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows after Holmes was given an invitation to join.[22] Gardner did not permit Holmes to visit the Stanford campus and called for her to be sent to prison.[23]

Selected publications
  • Gardner, Phyllis (1997-03-28). "Nuclear Export of NF-ATc Enhanced by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3". Science. 275 (5308): 1930–1933. doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1930. PMID 9072970. S2CID 22590899.
  • Gardner, Phyllis (1987). "Ion channels activated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in plasma membrane of human T-lymphocytes". Nature. 326 (6110): 301–304. Bibcode:1987Natur.326..301K. doi:10.1038/326301a0. PMID 2434867. S2CID 4355950.
  • Gardner, Phyllis (1995). "Activation of dual T cell signaling pathways by the chemokine RANTES". Science. 269 (5231): 1727–1730. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1727B. doi:10.1126/science.7569902. PMID 7569902.

Dr. Gardner was portrayed by Emmy Award-winning actress Laurie Metcalf in the Hulu series The Dropout about the rise and fall of former Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes.[24][25][26]

References
  1. Baila, Morgan. "Phyllis Gardner Warned Everyone About Elizabeth Holmes — But No One Listened". www.refinery29.com. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  2. "She saw through Elizabeth Holmes. Now Stanford professor is star in Theranos saga". The Mercury News. 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  3. "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes Found Guilty Of Investor Fraud". www.justice.gov. 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  4. Inc, CohBar (2019-02-11). "CohBar Announces the Appointment of Dr. Phyllis Gardner to its Board of Directors". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2019-05-12. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  5. "Dr. Phyllis Gardner, MD – Stanford, CA | Internal Medicine on Doximity". Doximity. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  6. "Classes of 1970 - 1979 | Harvard Medical Alumni Association". alumni.hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  7. "Jeremy Bentham". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  8. "The proposed 'merger' of UCL and Imperial College" (PDF). UCL. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  9. Baila, Morgan. "Phyllis Gardner Warned Everyone About Elizabeth Holmes — But No One Listened". www.refinery29.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  10. "WAIS - World Association for International Studies". www.everycenterofinfluence.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  11. "Public Listing from Stanford People Search". stanfordwho.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  12. "Trading Spaces | Harvard Medicine magazine". hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  13. US 548083, Wong, Patrick S.-L.; Dong, Liang-Chang & Edgren, David E. et al., "Prolonged release active agent dosage form adapted for gastric retention", published 2003-04-15, assigned to Alza Corp.
  14. "The Dropout Podcast". ABC Radio. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  15. "Revance Therapeutics". www.revance.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  16. "Parnell Appoints US-Based Independent Directors Phyllis Gardner, M.D., and David L. Greenwood to Its Board of Directors". CNBC. 2014-09-08. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  17. "Ventaira Pharmaceuticals Announces Appointment Of Phyllis Gardner, M.D. To The Company's Board Of Directors". BioSpace. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  18. "Jeffrey Flier: Elizabeth Holmes and Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows—a cautionary tale". The BMJ. 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  19. "Phyllis Gardner Warned Everyone About Elizabeth Holmes — But No One Listened". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  20. Yee, Hannah-Rose (2019-03-25). "Elizabeth Holmes: How Stanford professor Phyllis Gardner helped bring Theranos down". Stylist. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  21. "Dr. Phyllis Gardner from After the Downfall: What Elizabeth Holmes and the Theranos Team Are Up to Now". E! Online. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  22. "She saw through Elizabeth Holmes. Now Stanford professor is star in Theranos saga". 3 June 2019.
  23. Ramsey, Lydia (March 18, 2019). "The Stanford professor who rejected one of Elizabeth Holmes' early ideas explains what it was like to watch the rise and fall of Theranos". Business Insider. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  24. Vallelunga, Emma (2022-03-29). "Did Dr. Phyllis Gardner Really Shut Down Elizabeth Holmes's Ideas Like in "The Dropout"?". POPSUGAR Entertainment. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  25. Zhan, Jennifer (2022-04-07). "How The Dropout's Actors Compare to Their Real-Life Counterparts". Vulture. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  26. Goldstein, Goelle (2022-03-30). "Laurie Metcalf Confronts Amanda Seyfried in The Dropout Sneak Peek". People Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
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