Phylloporus leucomycelinus

Phylloporus leucomycelinus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Boletales
Family:	Boletaceae
Genus:	Phylloporus
Species:	P. leucomycelinus
Binomial name
	Phylloporus leucomycelinus; Singer (1978)
Synonyms[1]
	P. rhodoxanthus ssp. leucomycelinus Singer

Phylloporus leucomycelinus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. First described in 1978, it is found in eastern North America and the Philippines.

Taxonomy

The species was first described scientifically by American mycologist Rolf Singer in 1978.[1]

Molecular analysis of the genus Phylloporus shows that P. leucomycelinus and a group of phylogenetically related species (P. bellus, P. rhodoxanthus, P. dimorphus, and P. castanopsidis) form a well-supported clade.[2] In a separate study, P. leucomycelinus was shown to be closely related to the Panamanian species P. caballeroi.[3]

Description

The cap is initially convex before flattening out in maturity, sometimes developing a shallow depression; it reaches a diameter of 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in). The cap surface is dry, with a somewhat felt-like texture, and it often develops cracks in maturity. Its color is dark red to reddish chestnut, usually with a paler central portion in mature individuals. The flesh is whitish to pale yellow, and lacks any distinctive taste or odor. The pores on the underside of the cap are quite gill-like, and decurrent (running down the length of the stem). They are yellow in color, sometimes forked, and have cross-veins in the intervening spaces. The stem measures 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) long by 0.5–1.3 cm (0.2–0.5 in) thick, and is nearly equal in width throughout or thicker near the base. It often has ribs near the top, and the surface has small brown dots and points. The overall stem color is yellow with reddish tinges. There is white mycelium at the stem base.[4]

Phylloporus leucomycelinus produces a yellowish spore print. Spores are roughly elliptical to spindle-shaped, smooth, and measure 8–14 by 3–5 μm.[4] The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are ventricose (swollen in the middle), four-spored, and measure 20–25 by 6–7 μm.[1]

The mushrooms are edible.[4] Fruit bodies can be used in mushroom dyeing to produce beige, gold, or greenish-beige colors, depending on the mordant used.[5]

Habitat and distribution

The fruit bodies of Phylloporus leucomycelinus grow scattered or in groups on the ground in deciduous forests, usually near beech and oak trees. Found in North America, its range includes eastern Canada south to Florida, and west to Michigan.[4] The bolete was reported from a Mexican beech (Fagus mexicana) forest in Hidalgo, Mexico in 2010.[6] It has also been collected in the Philippines.[7]

References

Singer R. (1978). "Notes on bolete taxonomy – II". Persoonia. 9 (4): 421–38 (see p. 426).
Neves MA, Binder M, Halling R, Hibbett D, Soytong K (2012). "The phylogeny of selected Phylloporus species, inferred from NUC-LSU and ITS sequences, and descriptions of new species from the Old World". Fungal Diversity. 55 (1): 109–23. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0154-0. S2CID 17272328.
Zheng NK, Tang LP, Li YC, Tolgor B, Zhu XT, Zhao Q, Yang ZL (2012). "The genus Phylloporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China: morphological and multilocus DNA sequence analyses". Fungal Diversity. 58: 73–101. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0184-7. S2CID 18868779.
Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2000). North American Boletes. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 221–2. ISBN 978-0-8156-0588-1.
Bessette A, Bessette AR (2001). The Rainbow Beneath my Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 47–8. ISBN 0-8156-0680-X.
Rodríguez-Ramírez EC, Moreno CE (2010). "Bolete diversity in two relict forests of the Mexican beech (Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana; Fagaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (5): 893–898. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900284. PMID 21622453.
Sims K, Watling R, de la Cruz R, Jeffries P (1997). "Ectomycorrhizal fungi of the Philippines: a preliminary survey and notes on the geographic biodiversity of the Sclerodermatales". Biodiversity & Conservation. 6 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1023/A:1018371515051. S2CID 28701896.

External links

Phylloporus leucomycelinus in Index Fungorum

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[Singer_1978-1] Singer R. (1978). "Notes on bolete taxonomy – II". Persoonia. 9 (4): 421–38 (see p. 426).

[Neves_2012-2] Neves MA, Binder M, Halling R, Hibbett D, Soytong K (2012). "The phylogeny of selected Phylloporus species, inferred from NUC-LSU and ITS sequences, and descriptions of new species from the Old World". Fungal Diversity. 55 (1): 109–23. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0154-0. S2CID 17272328.

[Zheng_2012-3] Zheng NK, Tang LP, Li YC, Tolgor B, Zhu XT, Zhao Q, Yang ZL (2012). "The genus Phylloporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China: morphological and multilocus DNA sequence analyses". Fungal Diversity. 58: 73–101. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0184-7. S2CID 18868779.

[Bessette_2000-4] Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2000). North American Boletes. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 221–2. ISBN 978-0-8156-0588-1.

[Bessette_2001-5] Bessette A, Bessette AR (2001). The Rainbow Beneath my Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 47–8. ISBN 0-8156-0680-X.

[Rodríguez-Ramírez_2010-6] Rodríguez-Ramírez EC, Moreno CE (2010). "Bolete diversity in two relict forests of the Mexican beech (Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana; Fagaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (5): 893–898. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900284. PMID 21622453.

[Sims_1997-7] Sims K, Watling R, de la Cruz R, Jeffries P (1997). "Ectomycorrhizal fungi of the Philippines: a preliminary survey and notes on the geographic biodiversity of the Sclerodermatales". Biodiversity & Conservation. 6 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1023/A:1018371515051. S2CID 28701896.