List of hyperaccumulators

Hyperaccumulators table – 1
hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates
ContaminantAccumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight)Binomial nameEnglish nameH-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-TolerantNotesSources
AlA-Agrostis castellanahighland bentgrassAs(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin: Portugal.[1]: 898 
Al1000Hordeum vulgareBarley25 records of plants.[1]: 891 [2]
AlHydrangea spp.Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
AlAluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively.[3]Melastoma malabathricum L.Blue Tongue, or Native LassiandraP competes with Al and reduces uptake.[4]
AlSolidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.)Hairy GoldenrodOrigin Canada.[1]: 891 [2]
Al100Vicia fabaHorse Bean[1]: 891 [2]
Ag10-1200Salix miyabeanaWillowAg(T)Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline[5]
AgBrassica napusRapeseed plantCr, Hg, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[1]: 19 [6]
AgSalix spp.Osier spp.Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[1]: 19 
AgAmanita strobiliformisEuropean Pine Cone LepidellaAg(H)Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas[9]
Ag10-1200Brassica junceaIndian MustardAg(H)Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper[10]
As100Agrostis capillaris L.Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris)Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)[1]: 891 
AsH-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.[1]: 898 
As1000Agrostis tenerrima Trin.Colonial bentgrass4 records of plants[1]: 891 [11]
As2-1300Cyanoboletus pulverulentusInk Stain Boletecontains dimethylarsinic acidEurope[12]
As27,000 (fronds)[13]Pteris vittata L.Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds.[14]Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite.[15]
As100-7000Sarcosphaera coronariapink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cupAs(H)Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe[16][17]
BeNo reports found for accumulation[1]: 891 
CrAzolla spp.mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern[1]: 891 [18]
CrH-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]: 898 [19]
CrBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)Cultivated in agriculture.[1]: 19, 898 [20]
CrBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Hg, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[6][1]: 19 
CrA-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Pb(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.[1]: 898 
Cr1000Dicoma niccolifera35 records of plants[1]: 891 
Crroots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic,[21] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water.[22]Eichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H),[21] Pb(H),[21] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[21][23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates.[25] 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy.[21][1]: 898 
CrHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]: 19, 898 
CrA-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H)[1]: 898 
CrMedicago sativaAlfalfa[1]: 891 [26]
CrPistia stratiotesWater lettuceCd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T)[1]: 891, 898 [27]
CrSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[1]: 19 
CrSalvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)[1]: 891, 898 [28]
CrSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Native to North America.[1]: 891, 898 [28]
Cr100Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild		[1]: 891 [29][30]
CrA-Thlaspi caerulescensAlpine Pennycress, Alpine PennygrassCd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals[31][1]: 19, 891, 898 [32][33][34]
Cu9000Aeollanthus biformifolius[35]
CuAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H)Origin Japan.[1]: 898 
CuA-Azolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernNi(A), Pb(A), Mn(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.[1]: 898 
CuH-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]: 898 [19]
CuBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)cultivated[1]: 19, 898 [20]
CuH-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.[1]: 898 
CuEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]: 898 
Cu1000Haumaniastrum robertii
(Lamiaceae)		Copper flower27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.[36][1]: 891 [33]
CuHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction with rhizofiltration[1]: 898 [33]
Cu1000Larrea tridentataCreosote Bush67 records of plants. Origin U.S.[1]: 891 [33]
CuH-Lemna minorDuckweedPb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A)Native to North America and widespread worldwide.[1]: 898 
CuOcimum centraliafricanumCopper plantCu(T), Ni(T)Origin Southern Africa[37]
CuT-Pistia stratiotesWater LettuceCd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H)Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb.[1]: 898 
CuThlaspi caerulescensAlpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine PennygrassCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth.[34][1]: 19, 891, 898 [31][32][33][34]
MnA-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.[1]: 898 
MnAzolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernCu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.[1]: 898 
MnBrassica juncea L.Indian mustard[1]: 19 [20]
Mn23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leafChengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.HuangkoshiaburaOrigin Japan. Forest tree.[38]
MnHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]: 19 
Mn1000Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)		28 records of plants[1]: 891 [39]
Mn200[1]: 891 
HgA-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]: 898 [19]
HgBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[1]: 19 [6]
HgEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]: 898 
HgH-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)[1]: 898 
Hg1000Pistia stratiotesWater lettuceCd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T)35 records of plants[1]: 891, 898 [33][40]
HgSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[1]: 19 
Mo1500Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycressCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)phytoextraction[1]: 19, 891, 898 [31][32][33][34]
NaphthaleneFestuca arundinaceaTall FescueIncreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.[41]
NaphthaleneTrifolium hirtumPink clover, rose cloverDecreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.[41]
PbA-Agrostis castellana'Highland Bent GrassAl(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.[1]: 898 
PbAmbrosia artemisiifoliaRagweed[6]
PbArmeria maritimaSeapink Thrift[6]
PbAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H)Origin Japan.[1]: 898 
PbA-Azolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernCu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.[1]: 898 
PbA-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]: 898 [19]
PbH-Brassica junceaIndian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction[1]: 19, 891, 898 [6][20][31][33][34][42]
PbBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[1]: 19 [6]
PbBrassica oleraceaOrnemental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli[6]
PbH-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.[1]: 898 
PbEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]: 898 
PbFestuca ovinaBlue Sheep Fescue[6]
PbIpomoea trifidaMorning gloryPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]: 19, 898 [6][7][42]
PbH-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H)[1]: 898 
PbH-Lemna minorDuckweedCd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H)Native to North America and widespread worldwide.[1]: 898 
PbSalix viminalisCommon OsierCd, U, Zn,[7] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.);[1]: 19  Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[7]
PbH-Salvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Origin India.[1]: 898 
PbSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A)Native to North America.[1]: 891, 898 [28]
PbThlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrassCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction.[1]: 19, 891, 898 [31][32][33][34]
PbThlaspi rotundifoliumRound-leaved Pennycress[6]
PbTriticum aestivumCommon Wheat[6]
Se.012-20Amanita muscariaFly agaricCap contains higher concentrations than stalks[43]
SeBrassica junceaIndian mustardRhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation.[44][1]: 19 
SeBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Pb, ZnPhytoextraction.[1]: 19 [6]
SeLow rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass.Chara canescens Desv. & LoisMuskgrassMuskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate.[45] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization.[46][47]
SeBassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)		burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweedU,[7] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, ZnPerchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction.[1]: 19, 898 
SeSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).[1]: 19 
ZnA-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A)Origin Portugal.[1]: 898 
ZnAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H)Origin Japan.[1]: 898 
ZnBrassicaceaeMustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage familyCd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H)Phytoextraction[1]: 19 
ZnBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A).Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997)[1]: 19, 898 [20]
ZnBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Pb, SePhytoextraction[1]: 19 [6]
ZnHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]: 19 [7]
ZnEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]: 898 
ZnSalix viminalisCommon OsierAg, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).[7]
ZnA-Salvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Origin India.[1]: 898 
Zn1400Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae)Bladder campionErnst et al. (1990)
ZnSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H)Native to North America.[1]: 891, 898 [28]
ZnH-10,000Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycressCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H)48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal[31][1]: 19, 891, 898 [32][33][34][42]
ZnTrifolium pratenseRed CloverNonmetal accumulator.Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria.[31]

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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