List of hyperaccumulators

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates
ContaminantAccumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight)Binomial nameEnglish nameH-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-TolerantNotesSources
AlA-Agrostis castellanahighland bentgrassAs(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin: Portugal.[1]:898
Al1000Hordeum vulgareBarley25 records of plants.[1]:891[2]
AlHydrangea spp.Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
AlAluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively.[3]Melastoma malabathricum L.Blue Tongue, or Native LassiandraP competes with Al and reduces uptake.[4]
AlSolidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.)Hairy GoldenrodOrigin Canada.[1]:891[2]
Al100Vicia fabaHorse Bean[1]:891[2]
Ag10-1200Salix miyabeanaWillowAg(T)Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline[5]
AgBrassica napusRapeseed plantCr, Hg, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[1]:19[6]
AgSalix spp.Osier spp.Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:19 Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[1]:19
AgAmanita strobiliformisEuropean Pine Cone LepidellaAg(H)Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas[9]
Ag10-1200Brassica junceaIndian MustardAg(H)Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper[10]
As100Agrostis capillaris L.Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris)Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)[1]:891
AsH-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.[1]:898
As1000Agrostis tenerrima Trin.Colonial bentgrass4 records of plants[1]:891[11]
As2-1300Cyanoboletus pulverulentusInk Stain Boletecontains dimethylarsinic acidEurope[12]
As27,000 (fronds)[13]Pteris vittata L.Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds.[14]Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite.[15]
As100-7000Sarcosphaera coronariapink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cupAs(H)Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe[16][17]
BeNo reports found for accumulation[1]:891
CrAzolla spp.mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern[1]:891[18]
CrH-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]:898[19]
CrBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)Cultivated in agriculture.[1]:19,898[20]
CrBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Hg, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[6][1]:19
CrA-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Pb(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.[1]:898
Cr1000Dicoma niccolifera35 records of plants[1]:891
Crroots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic,[21] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water.[22]Eichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H),[21] Pb(H),[21] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[21][23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates.[25] 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy.[21][1]:898
CrHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]:19,898
CrA-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H)[1]:898
CrMedicago sativaAlfalfa[1]:891[26]
CrPistia stratiotesWater lettuceCd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T)[1]:891,898[27]
CrSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:19 Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[1]:19
CrSalvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)[1]:891,898[28]
CrSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Native to North America.[1]:891,898[28]
Cr100Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild
[1]:891[29][30]
CrA-Thlaspi caerulescensAlpine Pennycress, Alpine PennygrassCd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals[31][1]:19,891,898[32][33][34]
Cu9000Aeollanthus biformifolius[35]
CuAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H)Origin Japan.[1]:898
CuA-Azolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernNi(A), Pb(A), Mn(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.[1]:898
CuH-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]:898[19]
CuBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)cultivated[1]:19,898[20]
CuH-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.[1]:898
CuEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]:898
Cu1000Haumaniastrum robertii
(Lamiaceae)
Copper flower27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.[36][1]:891[33]
CuHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction with rhizofiltration[1]:898[33]
Cu1000Larrea tridentataCreosote Bush67 records of plants. Origin U.S.[1]:891[33]
CuH-Lemna minorDuckweedPb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A)Native to North America and widespread worldwide.[1]:898
CuOcimum centraliafricanumCopper plantCu(T), Ni(T)Origin Southern Africa[37]
CuT-Pistia stratiotesWater LettuceCd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H)Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb.[1]:898
CuThlaspi caerulescensAlpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine PennygrassCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth.[34][1]:19,891,898[31][32][33][34]
MnA-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.[1]:898
MnAzolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernCu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.[1]:898
MnBrassica juncea L.Indian mustard[1]:19[20]
Mn23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leafChengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.HuangkoshiaburaOrigin Japan. Forest tree.[38]
MnHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]:19
Mn1000Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)
28 records of plants[1]:891[39]
Mn200[1]:891
HgA-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]:898[19]
HgBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[1]:19[6]
HgEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]:898
HgH-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)[1]:898
Hg1000Pistia stratiotesWater lettuceCd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T)35 records of plants[1]:891,898[33][40]
HgSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:19 Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[1]:19
Mo1500Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycressCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)phytoextraction[1]:19,891,898[31][32][33][34]
NaphthaleneFestuca arundinaceaTall FescueIncreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.[41]
NaphthaleneTrifolium hirtumPink clover, rose cloverDecreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.[41]
PbA-Agrostis castellana'Highland Bent GrassAl(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.[1]:898
PbAmbrosia artemisiifoliaRagweed[6]
PbArmeria maritimaSeapink Thrift[6]
PbAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H)Origin Japan.[1]:898
PbA-Azolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernCu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.[1]:898
PbA-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.[1]:898[19]
PbH-Brassica junceaIndian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction[1]:19,891,898[6][20][31][33][34][42]
PbBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Se, ZnPhytoextraction[1]:19[6]
PbBrassica oleraceaOrnemental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli[6]
PbH-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.[1]:898
PbEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]:898
PbFestuca ovinaBlue Sheep Fescue[6]
PbIpomoea trifidaMorning gloryPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]:19,898[6][7][42]
PbH-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H)[1]:898
PbH-Lemna minorDuckweedCd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H)Native to North America and widespread worldwide.[1]:898
PbSalix viminalisCommon OsierCd, U, Zn,[7] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.);[1]:19 Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)[7]
PbH-Salvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Origin India.[1]:898
PbSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A)Native to North America.[1]:891,898[28]
PbThlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrassCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction.[1]:19,891,898[31][32][33][34]
PbThlaspi rotundifoliumRound-leaved Pennycress[6]
PbTriticum aestivumCommon Wheat[6]
Se.012-20Amanita muscariaFly agaricCap contains higher concentrations than stalks[43]
SeBrassica junceaIndian mustardRhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation.[44][1]:19
SeBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Pb, ZnPhytoextraction.[1]:19[6]
SeLow rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass.Chara canescens Desv. & LoisMuskgrassMuskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate.[45] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization.[46][47]
SeBassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)
burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweedU,[7] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, ZnPerchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction.[1]:19,898
SeSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:19 Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).[1]:19
ZnA-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A)Origin Portugal.[1]:898
ZnAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H)Origin Japan.[1]:898
ZnBrassicaceaeMustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage familyCd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H)Phytoextraction[1]:19
ZnBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A).Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997)[1]:19,898[20]
ZnBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Pb, SePhytoextraction[1]:19[6]
ZnHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration[1]:19[7]
ZnEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U,[23] and pesticides.[24]Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.[1]:898
ZnSalix viminalisCommon OsierAg, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[1]:19 Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[8]Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).[7]
ZnA-Salvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Origin India.[1]:898
Zn1400Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae)Bladder campionErnst et al. (1990)
ZnSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H)Native to North America.[1]:891,898[28]
ZnH-10,000Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycressCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H)48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal[31][1]:19,891,898[32][33][34][42]
ZnTrifolium pratenseRed CloverNonmetal accumulator.Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria.[31]

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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