Pierre Dionis

Pierre Dionis (1643 in Paris – 11 December 1718 in Paris) was a French surgeon and anatomist, First surgeon of the Enfants de France.

Biography

Pierre Dionis was trained at the Confrérie de Saint-Côme et de Saint-Damien in Paris where he obtained the rank of master surgeon. He was influenced by the work of Guichard Joseph Duverney (1648-1730).

In 1669, Dionis was surgeon of the King and chirurgien par quartier of the Queen Maria Theresa.[note 1]

On 31 July 1671, the King Louis XIV appointed François Cureau de La Chambre as a Démonstrateur opérateur pour l’intérieur des plantes[note 2] of the Botanical Garden (Jardin des Plantes). Too busy with his duties, François Cureau de La Chambre appointed Pierre Cressé, to read the lectures, while Pierre Dionis performed the actual dissections.[1][2]

He was appointed surgeon by Louis XIV in 1672 to teach at the Jardin des Plantes “anatomy according to the circulation of the blood”, while the Faculty of Medicine in Paris contested William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation. Louis XIV had sided with the Moderns of the Garden against the Ancients of the Faculty.[3]

In 1688, he was first surgeon to Madame la Dauphine, then in 1709, first surgeon to Duchess of Burgundy.[3]

His work, "L'anatomie de l'homme suivant la circulation du sang et les dernières découvertes" (The anatomy of man according to the circulation of the blood and the latest discoveries), 1690, was a prodigious success and was even translated into Tartar.[4]

Works
  • Dionis, Pierre (1690). L'anatomie de l'homme suivant la circulation du sang, & les dernières découvertes, démontrée au Jardin-royal (in French). — Translated into several languages including Latin[5] and the “Tartar language of Mantcheou, or Eastern Tartar, by order of the Emperor of China”.[6] English translation: 1716[7]
  • Dionis, Pierre (1710). Dissertation sur la mort subite. Avec l'Histoire d'une fille cataleptique. Paris: L. d'Houry.
  • Dionis, Pierre (1718). Traité général des accouchements, qui instruit de tout ce qu'il faut faire pour être habile accoucheur (in French).. English translation: 1719[8]
  • Dionis, Pierre (1740). Cours d'opérations de chirurgie, démontrées au jardin royal, par M. Dionis, 4e édition, revue par G. de La Faye (in French).. Translated into English in 1710[9] and into German in 1712.[10] The first edition is from 1707.[11]

Notes
  1. Physician per quarter: a physician who serves with a sovereign per quarter year.
  2. Demonstrator operator of the interior of plants: the composition of the medicines was associated with the "interior of the plants".

References
  1. Dureau, Alexis, Congrès international de médecine (2016-02-22). Paris-médical: Assistance et enseignement (in French). Ligaran. ISBN 978-2-335-15566-2.
  2. Guerrini, Anita (2003-12-01). "Duverney's Skeletons". Isis. 94 (4): 577–603. doi:10.1086/386383. ISSN 0021-1753. PMID 15077533. S2CID 27889264.
  3. Vons, Jacqueline (2018). "Pierre Dionis, chirurgien aulique et maître chirurgien juré (1643-1718)" (PDF). Santé et médecine à la cour de France (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles): [Actes du colloque international, 19-20 octobre 2017, Paris] (in French). Stanis Perez, Jacqueline Vons: 53–64. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  4. BNF 12462161b
  5. Dionis, Pierre; Morf, Johann Kaspar; Cramer, Jean Antoine & Perachon, Philibert (1696). Petri Dionis ... Anatomia corporis humani, iuxta circulationem sanguinis & recentiores observationes: in Horto regio Parisino ab ipso autore demonstrata ... (in Latin). Sumptibus Cramer & Perachon. OCLC 883697826. Retrieved 2022-01-04.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Mémoires de l'Académie royale de chirurgie (in French). A. Delahays. 1855. p. 447.
  7. Dionis, Pierre, Dionis, Pierre (1716). "The anatomy of humane bodies improv'd according to the circulation of the blood, and all the modern discoveries. Publickly demonstrated at the Theatre in the Royal Garden at Paris, by Monsieur Dionis, Chief Surgeon to the late Dauphiness, and to the present Dutchess of Burgundy. Translated from the third edition, corrected and enlarged by the author; with an ample dissertation upon the nature of generation; And several New Systems. With Figures of all the Parts of the Body, and an Useful Index of the Principal Matters". OCLC 836751629. Retrieved 2022-01-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. Dionis, Pierre (1719). A general treatise on midwifery ... Translated from the French. OCLC 558605657. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  9. An extract was published in William Cheselden's A treatise on the high operation for the stone, 1723: OCLC 230988856. An extract from Dionis on the fistula of the anus was included (p.157) in the English translation (1738) of a work by Jean Astruc
  10. Dionis, Pierre; Selintes (1712). Peter Dionis Chirurgische Operationes, oder, aussführlicher Unterricht zur Wund-Artzney ... (in German). bey P. Kühtzen. OCLC 67943647. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  11. Dionis, Pierre (1643-1718) Auteur du texte (1707). Cours d'opérations de chirurgie, démontrées au Jardin royal, par M. Dionis,... (in French).
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