Pietro de Bono

Pietro de Bono (Petrus de Bono, C.R.) (died 20 November 1187) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Verona in Lombardy,[1] signing his name at least once as D. Petri de Verona.[2] He was not from Pisa,[3] nor was he from Bologna.[4] He belonged to the Canons Regular of S. Maria di Reno in Bologna.[5]

Cardinal

Petrus de Bono, C.R.
Cardinal-Priest
ChurchSanta Susanna (1173-1187)
Other post(s)Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Aquiro (1166-1173)
Orders
Created cardinalMarch 1166 (Deacon)
21 September 1173
by Pope Alexander III
RankCardinal Priest
Personal details
Born
Verona
Died1187
Rome
BuriedS. Maria de Reno, Bologna (?)
NationalityItalian
ResidenceRome, Velletri, Verona
Occupationcourtier
Professionpriest, canon

Alexander III

He was named a cardinal by Pope Alexander III in the Lenten Ember Days of 1166, and assigned the deaconry of Santa Maria in Aquiro in Rome.

At Anagni, on 8 April 1173, Cardinal Petrus of S. Maria in Aquiro subscribed a bull in favor of Abbot Giraldus of S. Maria de Belloloco; and on 8 June for Abbot Geminianus of S. Pietro in Modena.[6]

On 21 September 1173, at Anagni, he was promoted cardinal priest of the titular church of Santa Susanna.[7] He subscribed a papal bull as Petrus of S. Susanna on 28 September.[8] Ciaconius-Olduin states that after Petrus was made a cardinal deacon, and then cardinal priest, he was sent on a legation with Cardinal Manfred of S. Georgio ad velabrum to King William I of Sicily, to beg him to bring military aid to the pope against the emperor.[9] Kartusch, however, citing only Ciaconius-Olduin, sends Petrus and Manfred to Scotland to King William the Lion, "before 1177".[10]

On 4 March 1174, again at Anagni, he subscribed a bull of Alexander III for Archbishop Alfano of Capua.[11] On 29 May 1176, he and Cardinal Rainerius of S. Giorgio ad velum aureum were procurators for Pope ALexander in a private lawsuit seeking to recover money.[12]

Cardinal Petrus of Santa Susanna was in Anagni on 20 April 1176, where he signed a bull of Pope Alexander in favor of the Vallombrosian monastery. On 30 April, he subscribed again for the monastery of S. Maria de Florentia.

He subscribed again on 22 June, 7 July, 2 September, 15 November, and on 31 December 1176.[13] In January 1177 the papal court was on the move, to Benevento, Siponto, and Foggia. In Foggia, Cardinal Petrus subscribed a bull at the end of January.[14]

Cardinal Petrus de Bono was with the papal court in Venice from March to October 1177. The papal entourage paid a visit to Ferrara from 10 April to 9 May 1177.[15] On 27 April he subscribed a bull in Ferrara.[16] Cardinal Petrus was one of the seven cardinals appointed by Pope Alexander III in April to negotiate a peace between Frederick Barbarossa and the Papacy.[17] In Venice, he subscribed a bull on 6 August 1177, and on 6 September 1177.[18]

Lucius III

Cardinal Petrus de Bono signed documents for Pope Lucius from 28 September 1181 to 13 May 1184 (at Veroli).[19] He was not one of the ten cardinals who accompanied Lucius III on his journey to Verona in June 1184, to seek imperial aid in the war between Tusculum and the Roman commune.[20] He does not subscribe at all for him from 13 May 1184 until Lucius' death in Verona on 25 November 1185.[21]

Urban III

The election of Lucius' successor was held on the next day. It was brief and unanimous.[22] The successful candidate was Humbertus Crivelli, the Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, " a violent and unyielding spirit, and a strong opponent of Frederick (Barbarossa)," in the words of Ferdinand Gregorovius. He took the name Urban III, and maintained all of the uncompromising policies of Lucius III. He and the papal court continued as virtual prisoners in Verona.[23] There is no indication that Cardinal Pietro de Bono took part in Urban's election, despite the assurances of Lorenzo Cardella that he did.[24] His earliest subscription for Urban III took place on 13 May 1186, six months after the papal election.[25] Shortly after 22 September 1187, Urban and the cardinals escaped from Verona, and by 3 October had found refuge in Ferrara, where Urban died on 20 October.[26]

Gregory VIII

On the day following the death of Urban III, thirteen cardinals who had been present in Ferrara began the proceedings to elect his successor.[27] The old papal chancellor Alberto di Morra was unanimously elected pope on 21 October 1187, and took the name Gregory VIII. It is likely, though there is no positive evidence, that Petrus de Bono was one of the electors.

Cardinal Petrus subscribed bulls for Pope Gregory VIII at Ferrara on 31 October 1187.[28]

Cardinal Pietro died on 20 November 1187, by which date the papal entourage had moved from Ferrara to Bologna.[29] Lorenzo Cardella reports, on the authority of Giovanni Nicolò Alidosi Pasquali, that he was buried at the monastery of S. Maria de Reno in Bologna, which is not unlikely.[30]

References
  1. Kartusch, p. 413. Brixius, p. 66; 125, note 171.
  2. Ferdinando Ughelli, Italia Sacra Tomus quintus (Venice: S. Coleti 1720), p. 807 (29 June 1186).
  3. There had been a cardinal from Pisa, Petrus Pisanus, who had also been Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna, but Petrus Pisanus was a cardinal from at least 1113 to c. 1144. This was recognized by Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, vol. 1, pt. 2 (Rome: Pagliarini 1792), p. 113.
  4. Cardella, p. 113. His name, expanded as "Petrus de Bono(nia)", might have led scholars in that direction; Alidosi found a canon of the cathedral of Bolognia named Peter, and Petrus de Bono's connection with the canons of S. Maria de Reno in Bologna suggested to them an origin as well. But place of profession does not imply place of origin.
  5. Giovanni G. Trombelli, Memorie istoriche di S. Maria di Reno (Bologna: G. Corciolani 1752), p. 227.
  6. J. P. Migne (ed.) Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus Tomus CC (Paris 1855), p. 912, 913.
  7. Brixius, p. 66.
  8. Migne, Tomus CC, p. 918.
  9. Ciaconius-Olduin (1677), I, p. 1089: "renunciatus ab Alexandro Diaconus Cardinalis S. Mariae in Aquiro, mox Presbyter Cardinalis S. Susannae, legatione functus est una cum Manfredo Diacone Cardinale S. Georgii ad Siciliae Regem Guillelmum, ut praesidium ab eo contra Imperatorem...impetraret." Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali, p. 113, repeats Ciaconius' information.
  10. Kartusch, p. 325. How the legation was to be accomplished, and how the military aid was to be brought, she does not explain.
  11. Migne, Tomus CC, p. 976. Cardinal Manfredus signs the same document as Cardinal priest of S. Cecilia.
  12. Kartusch, p. 326. P.F. Kehr, Italia pontificia I (Berlin: Weidmann 1906), p. 199, no. 13.
  13. J. P. Migne (ed.) Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus Tomus CC (Paris 1855), pp. 1068, 1071, 1076, 1079, 1081, 1084, 1089.
  14. Migne, p. 1095.
  15. Jaffé II, pp. 304-307.
  16. Migne, p. 1104. Jaffé II, no. 12812.
  17. Gregorovius IV. 2, pp. 598-599. "Romoaldi Annales," in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptorum, Tomus XIX (Hannover: Hahn 1866), p. 446.
  18. Migne, p. 1139, 1146. Jaffé II, no. 12909, 12932.
  19. Kartusch, p. 326. Jaffé II, p. 431.
  20. Oliviero Iozzi, La tomba di Lucio III in Verona, (Roma: Tipografia Labicana 1907), pp. 29-30.
  21. Jaffé II, p. 492.
  22. Horace Kinder Mann, The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Volume 10 (London: Kegan Paul 1914), pp. 286-289.
  23. F. Gregorovius, The History of Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV, part 2 (London: George Bell 1896), pp. 610-612.
  24. Cardella I. 2, p. 113: "...avendo prestata la sua assistenza ai comizj, in cui furono eletti Romani Pontefici, Lucio, e Urbano III., Gregorio VII{I], e Clemente III...."
  25. Kartusch, p. 326, with note 12. Jaffé II, p. 492, makes it 14 May 1186. Cf. W. Wiederhold, "Papsturkunden in Frankreich, IV.," in: Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil.-hist. Klasse. Beiheft (1907), pp. 151-152, no. 71 (11 June 1186).
  26. Jaffé, pp. 527-528.
  27. J.P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae Collectio, Tomus CCII (Paris 1855), p. 1537, Pope Gregory VIII, in his electoral message, Inter Divinae Dispentionis: "Praedecessore siquidem nostro Urbano XIII Kal. Novemb. in bona confessione viam universae carnis ingresso, et tradito solemniter sepulturae, convenimus sequenti die in unum, et missa in honorem Sancti Spiritus, sicut moris est, celebrata, processimus seorsum in unum locum, nos episcopi, presbyteri et diaconi canonibus, et, postpositis diversis ecclesiasticis negotiis, et praecipue calamitatis Orientalis Ecclesiae, quae diebus illis audita fuerat, ad electionem pontificis visum est procedendum, ne, si forte dilationem acciperet, detrimentum ex tarditate per diversas partes Christiano populo proveniret."
  28. J. P. Migne (ed.) Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus Tomus CCII (Paris 1855), p. 1545, 1548.
  29. Kartusch, p. 413. Brixius, p. 66; 125, note 171. Trombelli, p. 227. Jaffé II, p. 531.
  30. Cardella I. 2, p. 113.

Sources
  • Brixius, Johannes Matthias (1912). Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130–1181. (in German) Berlin: R. Trenkel.
  • Ciaconius (Chacón), Alphonsus (1677). Agostinus Olduinus (ed.). Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium (in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus (2nd ed.). Roma: P. et A. De Rubeis. pp. 1118–1119. first edition, 1601
  • Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1896), History of Rome in the Middle Ages. Volume IV. part 2, second edition (London: George Bell, 1896).
  • Jaffé, Philipp (1888). Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII (in Latin). Vol. II. Leipzig.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Kartusch, Elfriede (1948). Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181–1227 (in German). Wien.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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