Piezochromism

Piezochromism, from the Greek piezô "to squeeze, to press" and chromos "color",[1] describes the tendency of certain materials to change color with the application of pressure. This effect is closely related to the electronic band gap change, which can be found in plastics, semiconductors (e.g. hybrid perovskites)[2][3][4] and hydrocarbons.[5] One simple molecule displaying this property is 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile, also known as ROY owing to its red, orange and yellow crystalline forms. Individual yellow and pale orange versions transform reversibly to red at high pressure.[6]

ROY, a molecule that displays piezochromism in its crystals

References
  1. "Piezochromes: pigments, inks, paints - OliKrom". Olikrom. 2022-02-16. Retrieved 2022-10-20. Piezochromism (from the Greek piezô "to squeeze, to press" and chromos "the color") is by definition made of a material (pigment, dye...) whose optical properties change depending on macroscopic mechanical stimuli (pressure)
  2. Zhang, Rong; Cai, Weizhao; Bi, Tiange; Zarifi, Niloofar; Terpstra, Tyson; Zhang, Chuang; Verdeny, Z. Valy; Zurek, Eva; Deemyad, Shanti (2017). "Effects of Nonhydrostatic Stress on Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 8 (15): 3457–3465. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01367. PMID 28691486.
  3. Zhang, Long; Liu, Chunming; Wang, Lingrui; Liu, Cailong; Wang, Kai; Zou, Bo (2018). "Pressure‐Induced Emission Enhancement, Band‐Gap Narrowing, and Metallization of Halide Perovskite Cs3Bi2I9". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (35): 11213–11217. doi:10.1002/anie.201804310. PMID 30010235. S2CID 51627681.
  4. Szafrański, Marek; Katrusiak, Andrzej (2016). "Mechanism of Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions, Amorphization, and Absorption-Edge Shift in Photovoltaic Methylammonium Lead Iodide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 7 (17): 3458–3466. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01648. PMID 27538989.
  5. Cai, Weizhao; Zhang, Rong; Yao, Yansun; Deemyad, Shanti (2017). "Piezochromism and structural and electronic properties of benz[a]anthracene under pressure". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 19 (8): 6216–6223. Bibcode:2017PCCP...19.6216C. doi:10.1039/C6CP08171A. PMID 28230219.
  6. Warren, Lisette R; McGowan, Evana; Renton, Margaret; Morrison, Carole A; Funnell, Nicholas P (2021). "Direct evidence for distinct colour origins in ROY polymorphs". Chemical Science. 12 (38): 12711–12718. doi:10.1039/d1sc04051k. PMC 8494124. PMID 34703557.


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