Copiapoa

Copiapoa is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile.

Copiapoa
Copiapoa humilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Notocacteae
Genus: Copiapoa
Britton & Rose
Type species
Copiapoa marginata 

Description

It comprises 32 morphologically defined species and 5 heterotypic subspecies.[1] The species in the genus Copiapoa forms dense cushions of hundreds of large individual plants or produce only solitary plants. The shoots are spherical or elongated-cylindrical. The spines, which are usually present, are variably shaped. On the apex, the species are usually densely woolly-haired. The ribs are clearly developed. These species vary in form from spherical to slightly columnar and in color from a brownish to blue-green body. They have warty ribs and spiny areoles, and they usually produce tubular yellow flowers which grow from woolly crowns on the apex in summer. They are bell- to funnel-shaped and open during the day. The short, circular pericarp is glabrous. The flower tube is short and broad. The small, smooth fruits contain large, shiny black seeds.[2]

Taxonomy

Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Some authorities also include here the genus Blossfeldia.

Species

Species of the genus Copiapoa according to Plants of the World Online As of January 2023[3] separated according to sections.[4][5]

SubgenusImageScientific nameDistribution
Pilocopiapoa (F.Ritter) Doweld—Ritter Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.RitterChile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & LarridonChile (Atacama)
Unplaced Copiapoa laui DiersChile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
Mammillopoa Helmut Walter & Larridon Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) HutchisonChile (Antofagasta).
Copiapoa sect. Cinerei Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.CharlesChile (W. & SW. Antofagasta).
Copiapoa gigantea Backeb.Chile (Antofagasta to N. Atacama)
Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & RoseChile (Antofagasta to Atacama)
Copiapoa sect. Copiapoa Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & MächlerChile (SW. Antofagasta)
Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut WalterChile (SW. Antofagasta)
Copiapoa atacamensis Middled.Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
Copiapoa calderana F.RitterChile (Antofagasta to Atacama)
Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & RoseChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama).
Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.CharlesChile (Antofagasta to Atacama)
Copiapoa desertorum F.RitterChile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
Copiapoa esmeraldana F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama)
Copiapoa grandiflora F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama).
Copiapoa hypogaea F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama).
Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama).
Copiapoa longispina F.RitterChile (Atacama)
Copiapoa longistaminea F.RitterChile.
Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & RoseChile (SW. Atacama to NW. Coquimbo)
Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & RoseChile (Atacama).
Copiapoa mollicula F.RitterChile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo).
Copiapoa montana F.RitterChile (SW. Antofagasta)
Copiapoa rupestris F.RitterChile (Antofagasta).
Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.RitterChile (SW. Antofaga to NW. Atacama).
Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) LooserChile (SW. Antofagasta).
Echinopoa Doweld Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & RoseChile (SW. Antofagasta to Coquimbo)
Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama)
Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & RoseChile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo).
Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb.Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Coquimbo)
Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama).
Copiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.Chile (Atacama)
Copiapoa pendulina F.RitterChile (Coquimbo)
Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & KeimChile (Atacama).

See also

References
  1. Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. PMID 26373974.
  2. Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.
  3. "Copiapoa Britton & Rose - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  4. Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity ofCopiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. Wiley. 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26373974.
  5. Kattermann, F (2018). "Molecular Study of the Genus Copiapoa (Cactaceae) Part I". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 90 (94): 284–294. doi:10.2985/015.090.0408 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
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