Pink diamond

Numerous theories have been posited as to how the pink is formed in pink diamonds.[3] The prevailing theory is that the pink is caused when the diamond is subjected to shear pressure during its formation. A similar theory is being tested on pink diamonds that originated in the Argyle Mine in Kimberley, Western Australia. This theory posits that a seismic shock propelled colorless diamonds to the surface and altered their molecular structure, causing them to appear pink.[4][5]

Further to these theories, recent research has also indicated that pink diamonds might owe their distinctive hue to radiation exposure. As per some studies, the presence of trace amounts of radiation could cause color centers within the diamond to absorb green light, thereby creating a pink appearance. However, this theory is yet to receive widespread acceptance, and further research is required.

Another dimension to understanding the color origin in pink diamonds is through the examination of their lattice structure. It's been found that pink diamonds exhibit a more complex pattern known as 'graining.' This graining is thought to relate to the pink coloration, as the compressed lattice structure refracts light differently than colorless diamonds, resulting in the pink hue.[6]

Additionally, while it's widely agreed that pink diamonds' color comes from a process called plastic deformation during their formation, the exact nature of this deformation is under debate. One recent hypothesis suggests that the pink coloration might be due to a specific type of plastic deformation that causes crystal twinning or duplication in the diamond's crystal structure.

The same four basic parameters that govern the grading of all gemstones are used to grade pink diamonds–the four Cs of connoisseurship: color, clarity, cut and carat weight. Color is considered the most important criterion in grading a pink diamond and determining its value. However, size is an important consideration as well. The larger a pink diamond, and the better its color, the more valuable it will be.[7] One of the most famous pink diamonds is the Pink Star — at 59.60-carats, this type IIa diamond is the largest vivid pink diamond in the world. In 2014, the auction buyer was unable to pay the promised sum and was subsequently forced to default on its purchase.[8] Among famous pink diamonds; the Daria-i-Noor is the largest pink diamond in the world, estimated to weigh 182 carats; together with the Noor-ul-Ain, it is the oldest known pink diamond, both belonging to the Iranian crown jewels.[9]

A "synthetic diamond", or "lab-grown" diamond, is chemically the same as a mined diamond but it is manufactured rather than crystallizing naturally. Pink diamonds can be crystallized by using either the chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), or the high-pressure, high-temperature method. The pink color is often the result of post-growth treatment such as irradiation and annealing.[17][18]

Pink diamonds have been found in all of the major diamond-producing nations, notably Australia, Brazil, Russia, South Africa and Tanzania.[19] Pink diamonds were first discovered in India, in the Kollur mine in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh (which at the time was part of the Golconda kingdom), one of two of the earliest known diamonds are thought to have originated.[20][21][22] Concurrently, and throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, pink diamonds were being discovered in the Minas Gerais region of Brazil.[23] Pink diamonds are still occasionally found in the Golconda mine and in Brazil but approximately 80% of the world's pink diamonds originated from the Argyle mine in Kimberley, Western Australia while the mine was in operation (the Argyle mine closed in 2020). Out of the mine's 20 million carat annual output, only 0.1% were classified as pink diamonds. After the diamonds are polished, the total carats of pink diamonds becomes smaller still.[24]

The earliest known pink diamonds are the Daria-i-noor and the Noor-ul-ain diamonds which are both part of the Iranian crown jewels.[25]

A pink diamond called Pink Panther, the largest in the world, is the MacGuffin of the 1963 film of the same name.

In 2002, when Ben Affleck proposed to Jennifer Lopez with a 6.1-carat pink diamond engagement ring, it catapulted pink diamonds into the popular mindset, triggering an immense surge in pink diamond prices that still exists today.[26]

An enormous pink diamond was one of the central focuses in the 2006 film Blood Diamond, surrounded by the depictions of conflict diamonds mined and sold to fund civil wars and diamond companies.

The popularity of pink diamonds rose in November 2013, when the 59.6-carat Pink Star diamond was bid on at auction in Geneva for $83 million by New York diamond cutter Isaac Wolf, then renamed the Pink Dream. Wolf ultimately defaulted, forcing auctioneer Sotheby's to pay the owners the promised sum.[8]

Pink Diamond was introduced in NBA 2K MyTeam with NBA 2K17, where it represents player cards with 99 rating (also applicable in NBA 2K18). In NBA 2K19 and NBA 2K20, it represents player cards with 96-98 rating, while in NBA 2K21, it represents player cards with 95 or 96 rating.

On 3 April 2017, Sotheby's again auctioned the Pink Star, in Hong Kong, which sold to Chow Tai Fook Enterprises for a record US$71.2 million (553 million Hong Kong dollars, including fees).[27]

Prior to Sotheby's Pink Star diamond sale, the record price paid for a pink diamond was held by the 16.08 carat Sweet Josephine Diamond, which had sold to Hong Kong billionaire Joseph Lau, in 2015, for $28.5 million. (One day later, he also purchased the 12.03 carat Blue Moon of Josephine Diamond for $48.5 million. Both diamonds were bought as gifts for his daughter, Josephine, born in 2008, as was the 7.03-carat Blue Moon diamond, which he renamed the Star of Josephine diamond, purchased in 2009 for $9.5 million.)[28][29]

An anthropomorphic diamond known as Pink Diamond is a member of the Great Diamond Authority in Steven Universe, which depicts the fallout of her death and the mystery behind it.

In November 2020, an extremely rare purple-pink Russian 14.8-carat diamond, called "The Spirit of The Rose", sold at an auction in Switzerland for $26.6 million. It was the largest diamond ever auctioned because 99% of all pink diamonds are under 10 carats.[30]

In February 2021, American rapper Lil Uzi Vert revealed that they had a 10-11 carat pink diamond implanted in their forehead.[31] In June 2021, they removed the diamond from their forehead.[32]

In July 2022, a mine in Angola yielded a pink diamond that is believed to be the largest discovered since 300 years recording to the Australian miner Lucapa Diamond Company.[33] The stone, weighing 170 carat, has been named "Lulo Rose" after the Lulo alluvial diamond mine, where it was found.[34]

• List of minerals
• Diamonds as an investment
• List of diamonds

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pink diamonds.

• Hofer S.C. (1998). “Collecting and Classifying Colored Diamonds: An Illustrated Study of the Aurora Collection” New York: Ashland Press. ISBN 0965941019
• Liddicoat, R.T. (1993). “The GIA Diamond Dictionary” Santa Monica, CA: Gemological Institute of America. ISBN 0873110269
• Rachminov, Eden (2009). “The Fancy Color Diamond Book: Facts and Secrets of Trading in Rarities” New York: Diamond Odyssey. ISBN 9659149905