Piper retrofractum

Piper retrofractum, the Balinese long pepper or Javanese long pepper, is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit of Piper retrofractum is similar in appearance and taste to that of the Indian long pepper (P. longum).

Piper retrofractum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper
Species:
P. retrofractum
Binomial name
Piper retrofractum
Vahl
Synonyms

Piper officinarum (Miq.) C.DC.

Names

In Cambodia, it is known as ដីប្លី dei-phlei and in Thailand as ดีปลี deebplee. In the Malay Archipelago, the fruit is once known as cabai until the popularity of the chilli introduced from the New World by European traders superseded it in culinary popularity causing a semantic shift referring to the new crop while the old plant became cabai jawa.[1][2]

Botany

The plant is a climbing vine with stems of about 3–4 mm in diameter. Its leaves have blades that are glabrous, lanceolate, with acuminate apex and asymmetric base, and are about 10–12 cm long and 3–3.5 cm wide. The vine has been described as dioecious or monoecious,[3] with male spikes of about 5 cm long and female spikes about 4 cm long and 0.5–1 cm wide, and part of the ovaries are attached on the axis. Its berries are spherical and arranged densely on the axis.[4]

References
  1. Sherly Puspita (12 June 2019). "Mengenal Cabya, Nenek Moyang Cabai di Nusantara". Kompas (in Indonesian).
  2. Compare sources in:
    • "cabai jawa". Kamus Dewan (4th ed.). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia. 2017.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
    • "cabai jawa". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (3rd ed.). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. 2016.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. Chaveerach, Arunrat; Mokkamul, Piya; Sudmoon, Runglawan; Tanee, Tawatchai (2006-12-31). "Ethnobotany of the Genus Piper (Piperaceae) in Thailand". Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 4: 223–231. doi:10.17348/era.4.0.223-231. ISSN 1547-3465.
  4. Tanaka, Yoshitaka; Van Ke, Nguyen (2007). Edible Wild Plants of Vietnam: The Bountiful Garden. Thailand: Orchid Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-9745240896.
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