Pipoidea

Pipoidea are a clade of frogs, that contains the most recent common ancestor of living Pipidae and Rhinophrynidae as well as all its descendants.[2] It is broadly equivalent to Xenoanura.

Pipoidea
Temporal range: Late Jurassic–recent,
Pipa pipa, the common Suriname toad (Pipidae)
The Mexican burrowing toad Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Rhinophrynidae)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Clade: Pipoidea
Laurent in Fuhn, 1960
Subgroups[2]

See text

Description

The synapomorphies that define Pipoidea are the absence of mentomeckelian bones, absence of lateral alae of the parasphenoid, fusion of the frontoparietals into an azygous element, greatly enlarged otic capsules, and a tadpole with paired spiracles and which lacks beaks and denticles.[2][3] Later genetic work has supported Pipoidea as a monophyletic group.[4]

Taxonomy

In 1993 Pipoidea was defined by Ford and Cannatella as a node-based taxon.[2] It has variously been defined as a suborder (original definition),[5] superfamily,[1] or an unranked clade.[2] There is no single, authoritative higher-level classification of frogs, and Vitt and Caldwell (2014) use name Xenoanura for a similar clade, skipping Pipoidea altogether,[6] as did Frost et al. (2006).[4]

The oldest record of the group is Rhadinosteus from the Late Jurassic of North America, which is more closely related to Rhinophrynidae than to Pipidae.[7] The oldest records of Pipimorpha (which contains all pipoids more closely related to Pipidae than to Rhinophrynidae) are Neusibatrachus and Gracilibatrachus from the Early Cretaceous of Spain,[8] with other records of the group known from Afro-Arabia and South America like modern Pipidae.[9] The extinct pipimorph family Palaeobatrachidae, particularly the genus Palaeobatrachus were widespread and abundant in Europe during the Cenozoic, until their extinction during the Middle Pleistocene around 500,000 years ago due to being unable to cope with the increasing aridity and freezing temperatures of the ice ages.[10]

Taxonomy after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019[9]

References

  1. "Superfamily Pipoidea Fitzinger 1843". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  2. Ford, Linda S. & Cannatella, David C. [in French] (1993). "The major clades of frogs". Herpetological Monographs. 7: 94–117. doi:10.2307/1466954. JSTOR 1466954.
  3. Cannatella, David (11 January 2008). "Anura: Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships (Pipimorpha)". Tree of Life Project. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  4. Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The amphibian tree of life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781. S2CID 86140137.
  5. Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Anura". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  6. Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 92–95.
  7. Blackburn, David C.; Roberts, Lauren; Vallejo-Pareja, María C.; Stanley, Edward L. (2019-12-05). "First Record of the Anuran Family Rhinophrynidae from the Oligocene of Eastern North America". Journal of Herpetology. 53 (4): 316. doi:10.1670/19-044. ISSN 0022-1511. S2CID 209655002.
  8. Gómez, Raúl O.; Lires, Andres I. (October 2019). "High ecomorphological diversity among Early Cretaceous frogs from a large subtropical wetland of Iberia". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (7): 711–723. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.07.005. hdl:11336/148671.
  9. Rolando, Alexis M. Aranciaga; Agnolin, Federico L.; Corsolini, Julián (October 2019). "A new pipoid frog (Anura, Pipimorpha) from the Paleogene of Patagonia. Paleobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (7): 725–734. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.04.003.
  10. Wuttke, Michael; Přikryl, Tomáš; Ratnikov, Viacheslav Yu.; Dvořák, Zdeněk; Roček, Zbyněk (September 2012). "Generic diversity and distributional dynamics of the Palaeobatrachidae (Amphibia: Anura)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 92 (3): 367–395. doi:10.1007/s12549-012-0071-y. ISSN 1867-1594. S2CID 130080167.
  11. Báez, Ana M.; Muzzopappa, Paula; Moura, Geraldo J. Barbosa de (May 2021). "The earliest records of pipimorph frogs from South America (Aptian, Crato Formaton, Brazil): A critical evaluation". Cretaceous Research. 121: 104728. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104728. S2CID 230581615.
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