Pirum gemmata

Pirum gemmata
	Pirum gemmata (Ichthyosporea), nuclei stained in blue with DAPI
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Opisthokonta
(unranked):	Holozoa
Class:	Ichthyosporea
Order:	Ichthyophonida
Genus:	Pirum
Species:	P. gemmata
Binomial name
	Pirum gemmata; Marshall, 2008

Pirum gemmata is a unicellular eukaryote that belongs to the Ichthyosporea clade, a group of protists closely related to animals. P. gemmata was isolated from the gut contents of a marine invertebrate, specifically the detritivorous peanut worm Phascolosoma agassizii.[1]

P. gemmata’s growth under culture conditions, is through the development of a mature syncytial stage that undergoes sporogenesis and eventually releases endospores through one or more openings in the parent cell wall. Mature cells are multinucleated, with a cell wall, and can measure up to 200 μm.[1] Endospores are amoeboid and some have pseudopod-like cell extensions.

Taxonomy

P. gemmata is a member of the Ichthyosporea clade, which is the earliest branching holozoan lineage.[2][3]

Applications

P. gemmata can easily be cultured axenically in marine broth medium. Given its phylogenetic position as a close unicellular relative of animals, P. gemmata could potentially provide important insights into the origin of multicellular animals.

References

Marshall, Wyth L.; Berbee, Mary L. (2011-01-01). "Facing Unknowns: Living Cultures (Pirum gemmata gen. nov., sp. nov., and Abeoforma whisleri, gen. nov., sp. nov.) from Invertebrate Digestive Tracts Represent an Undescribed Clade within the Unicellular Opisthokont Lineage Ichthyosporea (Mesomycetozoea)". Protist. 162 (1): 33–57. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.002. PMID 20708961.
Glockling, Sally L.; Marshall, Wyth L.; Gleason, Frank H. (2013-08-01). "Phylogenetic interpretations and ecological potentials of the Mesomycetozoea (Ichthyosporea)". Fungal Ecology. 6 (4): 237–247. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2013.03.005.
Torruella, Guifré; Mendoza, Alex de; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Antó, Meritxell; Chaplin, Mark A.; Campo, Javier del; Eme, Laura; Pérez-Cordón, Gregorio; Whipps, Christopher M. (2015). "Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi". Current Biology. 25 (18): 2404–2410. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.053. PMID 26365255.

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[:0-1] Marshall, Wyth L.; Berbee, Mary L. (2011-01-01). "Facing Unknowns: Living Cultures (Pirum gemmata gen. nov., sp. nov., and Abeoforma whisleri, gen. nov., sp. nov.) from Invertebrate Digestive Tracts Represent an Undescribed Clade within the Unicellular Opisthokont Lineage Ichthyosporea (Mesomycetozoea)". Protist. 162 (1): 33–57. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.002. PMID 20708961.

[2] Glockling, Sally L.; Marshall, Wyth L.; Gleason, Frank H. (2013-08-01). "Phylogenetic interpretations and ecological potentials of the Mesomycetozoea (Ichthyosporea)". Fungal Ecology. 6 (4): 237–247. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2013.03.005.

[3] Torruella, Guifré; Mendoza, Alex de; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Antó, Meritxell; Chaplin, Mark A.; Campo, Javier del; Eme, Laura; Pérez-Cordón, Gregorio; Whipps, Christopher M. (2015). "Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi". Current Biology. 25 (18): 2404–2410. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.053. PMID 26365255.