Pivot joint

In animal anatomy, a pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint or lateral ginglymus) is a type of synovial joint whose movement axis is parallel to the long axis of the proximal bone, which typically has a convex articular surface.

Pivot joint
1: Ball and socket joint; 2: Condyloid joint (Ellipsoid); 3: Saddle joint; 4 Hinge joint; 5: Pivot joint;
Details
Identifiers
Latinarticulatio trochoidea
TA98A03.0.00.045
TA21557
FMA75294
Anatomical terminology

According to one classification system, a pivot joint like the other synovial joint —the hinge joint has one degree of freedom.[1] Note that the degrees of freedom of a joint is not the same as the same as joint's range of motion.

Movements

Pivot joints allow for rotation, which can be external (for example when rotating an arm outward), or internal (as in rotating an arm inward). When rotating the forearm, these movements are typically called pronation and supination. In the standard anatomical position, the forearms are supinated, which means that the palms are facing forward, and the thumbs are pointing away from the body. In contrast, a forearm in pronation would have the palm facing backward and the thumb would be closer to the body, pointing medially.

Examples

Examples of a pivot joint include:

In contrast, spherical joints (or ball and socket joints) such as the hip joint permit rotation and all other directional movement, while pivot joints only permit rotation.

References

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 285 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. Platzer, Werner (2008) Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 1, p.28
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