James River spinymussel

James River spinymussel
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 2.3)[1]
	; Endangered (ESA)[2][3]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Unionida
Family:	Unionidae
Genus:	Parvaspina
Species:	P. collina
Binomial name
	Parvaspina collina; (Conrad, 1837)
Synonyms[4]
	Elliptio collina (Conrad, 1837); Fusconaia collina (Conrad, 1837); Canthyria collina (Conrad, 1837); Unio collinus Conrad, 1837; Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837);

The James River spinymussel (Parvaspina collina), also known as the Virginia spinymussel,[4] is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is native to North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia in the United States.[5] It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.[2] It was formerly placed in Pleurobema but in 2017, Perkins, Johnson & Gangloff placed the species into a new genus Parvaspina on account of genetic data and its lateral spines.[6]

References

Bogan, A.E. (1996). "Parvaspina collina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T17677A7301090. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17677A7301090.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
"James spinymussel (Parvaspina collina)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
53 FR 27689
"Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Parvaspina collina". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
Perkins, Michael A.; Johnson, Nathan A.; Gangloff, Michael M. (2017). "Molecular systematics of the critically-endangered North American spinymussels (Unionidae: Elliptio and Pleurobema) and description of Parvaspina gen. nov". Conservation Genetics. 18 (4): 745–757. doi:10.1007/s10592-017-0924-z. S2CID 254414164.

External links

Hove, M. C. and R. J. Neves. (1994). Life history of the endangered James spinymussel Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837) (Mollusca: Unionidae). American Malacological Bulletin 11(1):29–40. Retrieved 10 April 2023 via Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center at Virginia Tech.

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[iucn-1] Bogan, A.E. (1996). "Parvaspina collina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T17677A7301090. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17677A7301090.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

[ecos-2] "James spinymussel (Parvaspina collina)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

[3] 53 FR 27689

[ITIS-4] "Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

[tnc-5] NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Parvaspina collina". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

[6] Perkins, Michael A.; Johnson, Nathan A.; Gangloff, Michael M. (2017). "Molecular systematics of the critically-endangered North American spinymussels (Unionidae: Elliptio and Pleurobema) and description of Parvaspina gen. nov". Conservation Genetics. 18 (4): 745–757. doi:10.1007/s10592-017-0924-z. S2CID 254414164.