Flabelligeridae

Flabelligeridae is a family of polychaete worms, known as bristle-cage worms, notable for their cephalic cage: long slender chaetae forming a fan-like arrangement surrounding the eversible (able to be turned inside-out) head.[1][2] Unlike many polychaetes, they also have large, pigmented, complex eyes.[3][4]

Flabelligeridae
Temporal range:
Diplocirrus glaucus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Subclass: Sedentaria
Order: Terebellida
Suborder: Cirratuliformia
Family: Flabelligeridae
Saint-Joseph, 1894
Type genus
Flabelligera
Sars, 1829
Synonyms
  • Poeobiidae Heath, 1930
  • Flotidae Buzhinskaja, 1996 (debated)

Habitat

These worms live under stones and are known to burrow into sand.[5] They have a cosmopolitan distribution and live in a variety of marine habitats, from the deep sea to shallow coastal regions.[6]

Subdivisions
  • Annenkova Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
  • Brada Stimpson, 1854
  • Bradabyssa Hartman, 1967
  • Daylithos Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
  • Diplocirrus Haase, 1915
  • Flabegraviera Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
  • Flabehlersia Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
  • Flabelliderma Hartman, 1969
  • Flabelligera Sars, 1829
  • Flabesymbios Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
  • Ilyphagus Chamberlin, 1919
  • †Mazopherusa (?) Hay, 2002
  • Pherusa Oken, 1807
  • Piromis Kinberg, 1867
  • Poeobius Heath, 1930
  • Pycnoderma Grube, 1877
  • Semiodera Chamberlin, 1919
  • Stylarioides Delle Chiaje, 1831 (includes Coppingeria Haswell, 1892; fide Salazar-Vallejo 2011)
  • Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919
  • Treadwellius Salazar-Vallejo, 2011
  • Trophoniella Hartman, 1959 (includes Therochaetella Hartman, 1967)

The first species was Amphridite plumosa, described from Norway. Flabelligerids were placed in various similar polychaete families until Saint-Joseph erected the family (under the name Flabelligeriens) in 1894.[5][7]

Mazopherusa is a possible fossil example from the Carboniferous; other fossil material is only dubiously assigned to the family.[1]

References
  1. Westheide, Wilfried; Purschke, Günter; Bleidorn, Christoph; Helm, Conrad; Mackie, Andrew S.Y.; Böggemann, Markus; Blake, James A.; Ebbe, Brigitte; Zhadan, Anna E.; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.; Dean, Harlan K.; Magalhães, Wagner; Martínez, Alejandro; Worsaae, Katrine; Núñez, Jorge; Fiege, Dieter; Maciolek, Nancy J. (2019). "7. Pleistoannelida". In Purschke, Günter; Böggemann, Markus; Westheide, Wilfried (eds.). Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. Vol. 1. De Gruyter. pp. 398–421. doi:10.1515/9783110291582-007. ISBN 9783110291582. S2CID 243185961.
  2. Oug, Eivind & Bakken, Torkild & Kongsrud, Jon. (2011). Guide to identification of Flabelligeridae (Polychaeta) in Norwegian and adjacent waters.
  3. Purschke, Günter; Vodopyanov, Stepan; Baller, Anjilie; von Palubitzki, Tim; Bartolomaeus, Thomas; Beckers, Patrick (2022-01-25). "Ultrastructure of cerebral eyes in Oweniidae and Chaetopteridae (Annelida) – implications for the evolution of eyes in Annelida". Zoological Letters. 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s40851-022-00188-0. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC 8787891. PMID 35078543.
  4. Vodopyanov, Stepan; Purschke, Günter (2017-09-01). "Fine structure of the cerebral eyes in Flabelligera affinis (Annelida, Sedentaria, Cirratuliformia): new data prove the existence of typical converse annelid multicellular eyes in a sedentary polychaete". Zoomorphology. 136 (3): 307–325. doi:10.1007/s00435-017-0350-2. ISSN 1432-234X. S2CID 253982132.
  5. Rouse, Gregory; Pleijel, Fredrik (2001-10-11). Polychaetes. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-850608-9.
  6. Jimi, Naoto; Hasegawa, Naohiro; Taru, Masanori; Oya, Yuki; Kohtsuka, Hisanori; Shinji, Tsuchida; Fujiwara, Yoshihiro; Woo, Sau Pinn (15 Apr 2022). "Five New Species of Flabelligera (Flabelligeridae: Annelida) from Japan". Species Diversity. 27: 101–111. doi:10.12782/specdiv.27.101. S2CID 248191534.
  7. "Flabelligeridae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
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