List of wars involving Poland

This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces fought or took place on Polish territory from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.

This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.

The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Polish victory
  Polish defeat
  Another result (e.g., a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

Piast Poland

During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with , Bohemia and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
963 Otto I's raid on Poland Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Polish defeat
963–967 Polish–Veletian War Duchy of Poland
Duchy of Bohemia (967)
Confederacy of the Veleti
Wolinians (967)
Polish victory
972 Fights of Mieszko I in Western Pomerania Duchy of Poland Sorbian March Polish victory
979 Otto II's raid on Poland Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Polish victory
981 Polish raid on Pomerelia Duchy of Poland Pomerelia Polish victory
981 Rus raid on Cherven Cities Duchy of Poland Kievan Rus' Rus Victory
985 Polish-Saxon invasion of Veleti Duchy of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Veleti Polish and Saxon victory
988–990 Polish-Bohemian War Duchy of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
992 Polish-German invasion of Veleti Duchy of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Veleti Polish and German victory
990-993 Eric the Victorious invasion of Denmark Duchy of Poland
Sweden
Denmark Polish and Swedish victory
995 Polish-German invasion of Obotrites Duchy of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Obotrites Polish and German victory
1003–1018[1]
  • 1003–1005[2]
    • 1005
  • 1007–1013[2]
    • 1012
  • 1015–1018[2]
    • 1015
    • 1015
    • 1015
    • 1015/17
    • 1015
    • 1015
    • 1017
German–Polish War
  • Polish-German War (I)
    • Battle of Spree
  • Polish-German War (II)
    • Siege of Lebus
  • Polish-German War (III)
Duchy of Poland
Moravians
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Kievan Rus'
Veleti
Peace of Bautzen
1015–1019 Kyivan succession crisis, Feud of the Volodymyrovychi or Internecine war of Rus' (1015—1019) Kyivan Rus' loyal to Svyatopolk I
Duchy of Poland (1018)
Kingdom of Hungary (1018)
Kyivan Rus' loyal to Yaroslav I Yaroslav victory
1028–1031
  • 1029
Polish-German War Mieszko II Lambert
Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire
Bezprym
Duchy of Bohemia
Kievan Rus'
Victory for Bezprym
1031 Rus'ian expedition against Poland Duchy of Poland Kievan Rus' Rus Victory
1031–1032 Pagan reaction in Poland Bezprym Pagans and magnates Defeat of Bezprym
1037–1038 1038 Popular Uprising in Poland Duchy of Poland Peasant insurgents Polish victory
1038–1047 Miecław's Rebellion Duchy of Poland
Kievan Rus'
Miecław's State
Duchy of Pomerelia
Yotvingians
Polish victory
1038–1039 Bretislav's invasion Duchy of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1042 Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Lesser Poland Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1047 Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1050 Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1051 Polish-German invasion of Hungary Kingdom of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary Polish-German victory
1060 Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia
  • Siege of Hradec
Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish defeat
1060 Fights for the Hungarian throne
  • Battle of Mosony
Béla I
Kingdom of Poland
Andrew I Béla I's victory
1069 Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Polish victory
1072 Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1074 Civil war between Solomon king and his cousins Géza and Ladislaus Géza's army
Kingdom of Poland
Solomon's army
 Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Victory
1077 Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Hungary Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Polish victory
1077 Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Polish victory
1077–1079 Internal conflicts Bolesław II the Generous Rebels and magnats Bolesław II the Generous's defeat
1090–1092
  • 1090
  • 1091
  • 1091
Four raids on Western Pomerania Kingdom of Poland
Duchy of Bohemia
Western Pomerania Polish defeat
1092 Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Polish defeat
1093–1100
  • 1096
Władysław Herman and Sieciech's fight against Zbigniew and Bolesław
  • Battle of Gopło
Władysław I Herman
Sieciech
Duchy of Bohemia
Zbigniew of Poland
Bolesław III Wrymouth
Władysław and Sieciech's defeat
1099 Władysław I Herman'a raid on Halych Kingdom of Poland Principality of Halych Indecisive
1100 Pomeranians raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Western Pomerania Polish victory
1101 Cuman raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Polish defeat
1103–1123
  • 1121
Fourteen Bolesław Wrymouth's raids on Pomerania
  • Battle of Niekładz
Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Denmark
Pomeranians Polish victory
1103–1108 Internal conflicts Bolesław III Wrymouth
Kingdom of Hungary
Kievan Rus'
Zbigniew of Poland
Duchy of Bohemia
Bolesław III Wrymouth's victory
1108 Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians Kingdom of Poland Old Prussians Polish victory
1108–1109 Three Pomeranians raids on Poland Kingdom of Poland Western Pomerania Polish victory
1108 Moravians raid on Silesia
  • Battle of Ratibor
Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1108 Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1109 Polish-German War Kingdom of Poland Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Polish victory
1109–1114
  • 1110
Three Bolesław III Wrymouth's raids on Bohemia
  • Battle of the Trutina
Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish victory
1110 Zbigniew's and Bohemians raid on Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish defeat
1110–1111 Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians Kingdom of Poland Old Prussians Polish victory
1117 Skarbimir's rebellion Kingdom of Poland Skarbimir Polish victory
1121–1124
  • 1124
Fights in Rus'
  • Battle of Wilichów
Kingdom of Poland
Kievan Rus'
Duchy of Bohemia
Kingdom of Hungary
Principality of Halych Polish victory
1120 Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Polish defeat
1120 Polish raid into Pomerania Kingdom of Poland Western Pomerania Control over Pomerania is reasserted
1126 Hungarian raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Polish defeat
1127 Polish raid on Hungary Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Polish victory
1131–1134 Six Bohemian raids on Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Polish defeat
1132 Bolesław III Wrymouth' raid on Hungary
  • Battle of the Sajó River
Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Polish defeat
1135 Fights in Rus' Kingdom of Poland Principality of Halych Polish victory
1144–1320
  • 1144
  • 1146
  • 1195
  • 1228
  • 1228
  • 1228
  • 1243
  • 1243
  • 1246
  • 1259
  • 1273
  • 1277
  • 1285
  • 1288
  • 1289
  • 1292
  • 1313
Battles during feudal fragmentation
  • Battle on marshlands of Pilica
  • Siege of Poznań
  • Battle of Mozgawa
  • Battle of Studnica
  • Battle of Skała
  • Battle of Wrocieryż
  • Battle of Międzybórz
  • Battle of Suchodół
  • Battle of Zaryszów
  • Battle of the Solec forest
  • Battle of Bogucin Duży
  • Battle of Stolec
  • Battle of Bogucice
  • Battle of Łagów
  • Battle of Siewierz
  • Siege of Sieradz
  • Battle of Kłecko
Local dukes Local dukes The weakening and internal breakdown of the country
1139–1142 Fights between Duchy of Masovia and Rus' Bolesław IV the Curly Kievan Rus' Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat
1144–1146 Two Polish-Ruthenian raids on Halych Władysław II the Exile
Kievan Rus'
Principality of Halych Ruthenian and Polish victory
1146 Polish-German War Mieszko III the Old Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Mieszko III the Old's victory
1147 Albert the Bear and Mieszko III the Old's crusade for Polabian Slavs Mieszko III the Old
Northern March
Polabian Slavs
Veleti
The victory crusade
1147 Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians Bolesław IV the Curly
Kievan Rus'
Old Prussians Bolesław IV the Curly's victory
1154–1155 Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine Polish knights Saracen Henry of Sandomir's victory
1157 Polish-German War Bolesław IV the Curly Holy Roman Empire Peace of Krzyszkowo
1166 Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians Bolesław IV the Curly Old Prussians Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat
1180 Duke Wasylek's fight for Brześć Principality of Drohiczyn
Casimir II the Just
Kievan Rus' Rus victory
1182–1183
  • 1182
Dispute over Brest
  • Battle of Bełz
Casimir II the Just Kievan Rus' Peasant Revolt Rus'ian - Polish victory
1184 Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland Casimir II the Just Holy Roman Empire Indecisive
1187 Prince Roman's intervention in Halych Casimir II the Just Prince Roman of Brest Vladimir II Yaroslavich Prince Roman's victory
1189 Hungarian invasion of Halych Casimir II the Just Prince Roman of Brest Kingdom of Hungary
Vladimir II Yaroslavich
Hungarian victory
1189 - 1191 Vladimirko's invasion of lesser Poland Casimir II the Just Vladimir II Yaroslavich Halych victory
1194 Casimir II the Just's raid on Yotvingians
  • Battle of Drohiczynem
  • Battle on Yotvingians Land
Casimir II the Just Yotvingians Casimir II the Just's victory
1199 Leszek I the White's intervention in the reconquest of Halych Prince Roman of Vladimir-in-Volhynia Leszek I the White Principality of Halych Rus'ian-Polish victory
1205 Roman the Great's raid on Poland Leszek I the White Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek I the White's victory
1207 Leszek I the White's raid on Rus' Leszek I the White
Konrad I of Masovia
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek I the White's defeat
1209–1211
  • 1209
First War For Lebus
  • Battle of Lebus
Henry I the Bearded
Władysław III Spindleshanks
Sorbian March Henry I the Bearded and Władysław III Spindleshanks's victory
1212 Polish raid into Pomerania Kingdom of Poland  Denmark Polish victory
  • Danish retreat from Pomerania, allowing Poland its coastline back.
1215 Hungarian raid on Poland Casimir II the Just Kingdom of Hungary Casimir II the Just's defeat
1219 Polish expedition against Vladimir-in-Volhynia Leszek I the White
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek I the White's defeat
1221 Polish-Hungarian-Ruthenian War Leszek I the White
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek I the White's defeat
1219–1222
  • 1220
Three Old Prussians raids on Lesser Poland
  • Battle of Masovians against Old Prussians
Konrad I of Masovia Old Prussians Konrad I of Masovia's defeat
1222–1223 Two Polish raids on Old Prussians Local dukes Old Prussians Polish Victory
1225 Prussian raid on Lesser Poland Konrad I of Masovia Old Prussians Konrad I of Masovia's defeat
1225–1230 Second War For Lebus Henry I the Bearded Landgraviate of Thuringia Henry I the Bearded's victory
1234 Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians
  • Battle of Dzierzgoń
Local dukes
Teutonic Knights
Old Prussians Polish-Teutonic victory
1236–1237
  • 1236
Wars between Konrad I of Masovia and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
  • Battle of Czerwień
Konrad I of Masovia Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Konrad I of Masovia's defeat
1238–1240
  • 1239
Third War For Lebus
  • Battle of Lebus
Henry I the Bearded Margraviate of Brandenburg Henry I the Bearded's victory
1241 First Mongol invasion of Poland Local dukes
Military orders
Mongol Empire Polish defeat
1247–1252 Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg Przemysł I Margraviate of Brandenburg Przemysł I's victory
1248–1455 Three raids on Yotvingians Bolesław V the Chaste
Siemowit I of Masovia
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Yotvingians Bolesław V the Chaste's victory
1259 Second Mongol invasion of Poland Bolesław V the Chaste Mongol Empire Polish defeat
1260 Bohemian-Hungarian War Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Silesia
Duchy of Austria
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
Bohemian victory
1262 Lithuanian raid on Lesser Poland
  • Siege of Jazdów
Siemowit I of Masovia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Siemowit I of Masovia's defeat
1264 Fights against Yotvingians Bolesław V the Chaste Yotvingians Bolesław V the Chaste's victory
1265–1278
  • 1278
Fights against Brandenburg
  • Battle of Myślibórz
Bolesław V the Chaste
Przemysł II
Margraviate of Brandenburg Bolesław V the Chaste's victory
1278 Fights for Bohemian throne Ottokar II of Bohemia
Bolesław V the Chaste
Przemysł II
Henryk IV Probus
Rudolph I of Germany Przemysł II's defeat
1280 War between Leszek II the Black and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
  • Battle of Goźlice
Leszek II the Black Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek II the Black's victory
1282–1283
  • 1282
  • 1282
Three Lithuanian-Yotvingian raids on Poland
  • Battle of Narwia
  • Battle of Rowiny
Leszek II the Black Yotvingians
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Leszek II the Black's victory
1287–1288
  • 1287
  • 1287
  • 1288
Third Mongol invasion of Poland
  • Battle of Łagów
  • Battle of Dunajec
  • Battle of Stary Sącz
Leszek II the Black Mongol Empire Polish victory
  • Mongol invasion repulsed[3]
1291–1306
  • 1294
Six Vytenis's raids on Lesser Poland
  • Battle of Trojanów
Local dukes Grand Duchy of Lithuania Polish defeat
1296 Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno Przemysł II Margraviate of Brandenburg Przemysł II's defeat
1308 Brandenburgian raid on Gdańsk Władysław I the Elbow-high Margraviate of Brandenburg Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat
1308 Capture of Gdańsk by the Teutonic Knights Władysław I the Elbow-high Teutonic Knights Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat
1309 Capture of Świecie by the Teutonic Knights Władysław I the Elbow-high Teutonic Knights Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat
1311–1312 Rebellion of mayor Albert Władysław I the Elbow-high Albert
Burghers of Kraków
Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory
1316 Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland Władysław I the Elbow-high Margraviate of Brandenburg Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory
1323 Polish-Hungarian raid on Ruthenia Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Polish-Hungarian victory
1323 Władysław I the Elbow-high raid on Płock Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Płock Polish victory
1326–1329 Polish-Brandenburgian fights Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Margraviate of Brandenburg Polish victory
1326–1332
  • 1327
  • 1327
  • 1331
  • 1331
  • 1331
  • 1331
  • 1332
Polish–Teutonic War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Hungary
Teutonic Knights
Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Masovia
Indecisive
1332 Casimir III the Great's raid on Głogów Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Głogów Polish victory
1340–1392
  • 1340
  • 1340
  • 1341
  • 1350
  • 1368
  • 1376
Galicia–Volhynia Wars
  • Siege of Lviv
  • Battle of the Vistula River
  • Battle of Lublin
  • Battle of Żukowo
  • Lithuanian raid on Masovia
  • Lithuanian raid on Poland
Kingdom of Poland
Duchy of Masovia
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crimean Khanate
Polish victory
1343 Fights for Wschowa
  • Battle of Oleśnica
Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Głogów Polish victory
1345–1348
  • 1345
  • 1345
  • 1345
Polish-Czech War
  • Siege of Kraków
  • Battle of Lelów
  • Battle of Pogoń
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Bohemia Treaty of Namslau
1352–1358 Maćko Borkowic's confederation Kingdom of Poland Maćko Borkowic
Nobles of Greater Poland
Margraviate of Brandenburg
Polish victory
1355 Teutonic raid on Masovia Kingdom of Poland
Duchy of Masovia
Teutonic Knights Polish defeat
1359 Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish defeat
1368 Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish defeat
1370 Branderburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko Kingdom of Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg Polish defeat
1370 Fights for Płock Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia Polish defeat
1373–1377
  • 1375
  • 1376
Władysław the White's rebellion Kingdom of Poland Władysław the White's forces
Duchy of Gniewkowo
Ulrich von Osten's forces (1374–1375)
Burgundian military units of Philip the Bold (from 1374)
Polish victory
1376 Lithuanian raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Duchy of Belz
Polish territory raided and approximately 23 000 people took into captivity
1382–1385 Greater Poland Civil War Grzymała Nałęcz Victory of the Nałęcz clan
1381–1385 Siemowit IV's fight for Polish throne Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Duchy of Masovia Polish victory

Jagiellon Poland

For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.

Date Conflict Allies Enemies Result
1387 Jadwiga of Poland's raid on Red Ruthenia Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Polish victory
1387 Polish conquest of Moldavia Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish victory
  • Poland receives a Black Sea coastline.
1390–1392 Lithuanian Civil War Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Samogitia
Teutonic Knights
Rus' principalities
Jogaila's victory
1391 Fights against Konrad II the Gray for Wschowa Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Oels Polish victory
1391–1401 War against Władysław Opolczyk Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Opole Polish victory
1399 Fights against Golden Horde Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Teutonic Knights
Principality of Moldavia
Golden Horde Polish and Lithuanian defeat
1409–1411
  • 1410
  • 1410
Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War[4] Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Teutonic Knights First Peace of Thorn
1414 Hunger War
  • Siege of Brodnica
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Teutonic Knights Council of Constance
1415–1419 Hungarian–Osman War Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Poland
 Ottoman Empire Hungarian/Polish victory
1422 Gollub War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Principality of Moldavia
Teutonic Knights Treaty of Melno
1431 Moldavian raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish victory
1431–1435 Lithuanian Civil War (1431–35) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Roman Catholic)

Kingdom of Poland
Hussites

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (pro-Eastern Orthodox)

Teutonic Knights
Livonian Order
Golden Horde
Principality of Moldavia

Polish victory
1431–1435/39
  • 1431
  • 1432
  • 1435
Polish–Teutonic War Hussites
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Žygimantas Kęstutaitis)
Teutonic Knights
Grand Duchy of Lithuania(Švitrigaila)
Peace of Brześć Kujawski
1435 Odrowąż intervention in Moldavia Kingdom of Poland
Iliaș
Stephen II Iliaș victory
1438 Polish-Bohemian fights for Silesia
  • Siege of Tabór
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Hungary
Polish and Lithuanian defeat
1438 Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1439 Spytek of Melsztyn's confederation Kingdom of Poland Spytek of Melsztyn Crushing of the confederation
1440–1444 Lithuanian-Masovian War for Podlasie Duchy of Masovia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Indecisive
1440–1442 Civil War in Hungary Władysław III of Poland
Kingdom of Poland
Elizabeth of Luxembourg Władysław III's victory
1443 Battle of Nish (1443) Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Serbian Despotate
 Ottoman Empire Victory for the Christian contingent
1443–1444
  • 1443–1444
  • 1444
Crusade of Varna Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
others
 Ottoman Empire Polish-Hungarian defeat
1444 Battle of Kunovica Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
Serbian Despotate
 Ottoman Empire Victory
1449–1450 Fights for Moldavian throne Kingdom of Poland
Aleksander II of Moldavia
Bogdan II of Moldavia Aleksander II's defeat
1450–1454 Fights of Land of Oświęcim Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Toszek Polish victory
1453 Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish victory
1454–1466
  • 1454
Thirteen Years' War[5] Prussian Confederation
Kingdom of Poland
Teutonic Knights
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Kingdom of Denmark
Second Peace of Thorn
1457–1458 Rebellion of unpaid mercenaries Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Oświęcim
Mercenaries
Payment of salaries
1469 Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1471 Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1471–1474 Polish-Hungarian War Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Indecisive
1474 Polish-Bohemian raid on Silesia Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Hungary Polish and Bohemian defeat
1475 Battle of Vaslui  Moldavia
Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary
 Ottoman Empire Victory
1476 Polish raid on Prussia Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Polish victory
1476–1482 War of Succession of Głogów Kingdom of Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg Polish victory
1478–1479 War of the Priests Kingdom of Poland Nicolaus von Tüngen
Teutonic Knights
Polish victory
1485–1503
  • 1487
  • 1491
  • 1497
Polish-Ottoman War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
 Ottoman Empire
Principality of Moldavia
Crimean Khanate
Polish defeat
1490–1492
  • 1490–1491
  • 1492
Fights for Hungarian throne
  • Battle of Koszyce
  • Battle of Preszów
John I Albert Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary Vladislaus II's victory
1495 Polish raid on Płock Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia Polish victory
1497–1499 Polish–Ottoman War/Moldavian campaign Kingdom of Poland  Ottoman Empire
Principality of Moldavia
Polish defeat
1500–1503
  • 1500
Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Lithuanian defeat
1501 Polish raid on Prussia Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Interruption of the expedition because of king's death
1502–1510
  • 1506
  • 1509
Polish-Moldavian War
  • Battle of Czerniowce
  • Battle of Chocim
Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish victory
1506 Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania[6] Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crimean Khanate Polish-Lithuanian victory
1507–1508
  • 1508
Third Muscovite-Lithuanian War
  • Battle of Orsza
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Lithuanian victory
1512 Tatar raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crimean Khanate Polish victory
1512–1522
  • 1514
  • 1518
Fourth Muscovite-Lithuanian War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Lithuanian defeat
1516 Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1519 Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia
  • Battle of Sokal
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1519–1521
  • 1520
Polish–Teutonic War
  • Battle of Pasłęk
Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Treaty of Kraków
1524 Ottoman-Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Polish defeat
1526 Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1528 Habsburgian raid on Spisz Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Polish defeat
1528 Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish victory
1530–1531
  • 1530
  • 1531
  • 1531
Polish-Moldavian War Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish victory
1534–1537
  • 1534
  • 1535
Fifth Muscovite-Lithuanian War
  • Battle of Radohoszcz
  • Siege of Starodub
Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Moscow Indecisive
1535 Moldavian raid on Podolia and Pokuttya Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish defeat
1537 Chicken War Kingdom of Poland Nobility End of rebellion
1538
  • 1538
  • 1538
Polish-Moldavian War
  • Battle of Seret
  • Siege of Chocim
Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Indecisive
1549 Tatar raid on Volhynia and Red Ruthenia Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1550 Moldavian raid on Bar Kingdom of Poland Principality of Moldavia Polish victory
1552 Sieniawski intervention in Moldavia Kingdom of Poland
Alexandru Lăpușneanu
Ioan Joldea Alexandru victory
1557 Zygmunt II August's raid on Livonia Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Livonian Brothers of the Sword Polish victory
1557 Tatar raid on Podolia Kingdom of Poland Crimean Khanate Polish defeat
1558–1583 Livonian War Livonian Confederation
Kingdom of Poland
Denmark–Norway

Swedish Empire

Tsardom of Russia
Kingdom of Livonia
Polish victory
1561–1570
  • 1558–1570
  • 1564
Northern Seven Years' War Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Denmark Denmark–Norway
Free City of Lübeck
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Treaty of Stettin

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.

During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Date Conflict Allies Enemies Result
1571 Danish attack on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Denmark Kingdom of Denmark Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1572 Mikołaj Mielecki's raid on Moldavia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1575 Tatar raid on Red Ruthenia and Podolia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1575 Russian invasion of Livonia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1576–77
  • 1577
  • 1577
Danzig rebellion Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth City of Danzig Polish–Lithuanian victory
1577 Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1577–82
  • 1577–78
  • 1579–82
  • 1579
  • 1580
  • 1580
  • 1581–82
Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory[7] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Principality of Transylvania
Tsardom of Russia Truce of Jam Zapolski
1578 Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1587–88
  • 1587
  • 1588
War of the Polish Succession[8] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Austria Archduchy of Austria Maximilian III's defeat
1589 Tatar raid on Poland
  • Battle of Baworów
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1591–93
  • 1593
Kosiński Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Crushing of the rebellion
1594–96
  • 1596
  • 1596
  • 1596
Nalyvaiko Uprising
  • Battle of Bila Tserkva
  • Battle of Ostry Kamień
  • Battle of Sołonica
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Crushing of the rebellion
1595 Jan Zamoyski's raid on Moldavia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
Polish–Lithuanian victory
1598–99
  • 1598
  • 1598
  • 1599
War against Sigismund Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Sigismund III Vasa's defeat
1599–1600
  • 1599
  • 1600
  • 1600
Fights against Michael the Brave Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Moldavia Ieremia Movilă
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Principality of Transylvania
Polish–Lithuanian victory
1600–11
  • 1605
Polish–Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Indecisive
1605–18
  • 1605
  • 1608–10
  • 1609–11
  • 1610
Polish–Muscovite War (Dymitriads) Szlachta Tsardom of Russia Truce of Deulino
1606 Tatar raid on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1606–09
  • 1607
Zebrzydowski Rebellion Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Nobility Crushing of the rebellion
1607 Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia
  • Battle of Stefanesti
Stefan Potocki Moldavia Principality of Moldavia Stefan Potocki's victory
1612 Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia Stefan Potocki  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
Stefan Potocki's defeat
1612 Four Tatar raids on Poland
  • Battle of Mezyrów
  • Battle of Bila Tserkva
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1615–16
  • 1615
  • 1616
  • 1616
Samuel Korecki's raid on Moldavia
  • Battle of Khotyn
  • Battle of Bendery
  • Battle of Sasowy Róg
Samuel Korecki  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
Polish defeat
1617–18 Polish–Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Indecisive
1618 Tatar raid on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1619 Battle of Humenné Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Transylvania Polish–Lithuanian victory
1620–21
  • 1620
  • 1621
Polish–Ottoman War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Treaty of Khotyn
1621–26
  • 1622
  • 1626
Polish–Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1624 Tatar raid on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1625 Żmajło uprspring
  • Battle of Jezioro Krukowskie
  • Battle of Cybulik
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Indecisive
1626–29
  • 1626
  • 1627
Polish–Swedish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sweden Swedish Empire Truce of Altmark
1626 Three Tatar raids on Poland
  • Battle of Bila Tserkva
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1628 Five Tatar raids on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1629 Five Tatar raids on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1630 Fedorovych Uprising
  • Battle of Korsuń
  • Battle of Perejasław
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Treaty of Pereyaslav
1632–34
  • 1632
Smolensk War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Treaty of Polyanovka
1633–34
  • 1633
  • 1633
Polish–Ottoman War
  • Battle of Sasowy Róg
  • Battle of Kamieniec Podolski
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
Polish victory
1635 Sulima Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Crushing of the rebellion
1637 Pawluk Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Crushing of the rebellion
1638 Ostrzanin Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks Crushing of the rebellion
1640 Tatar raid on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian defeat
1643 Tatar raid on Poland
  • Battle of Sura River
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1644 Tatar raid on Poland Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1645–1646 Polish raid on Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Polish–Lithuanian victory
1648–55
  • 1648
  • 1649
  • 1651
Khmelnytsky Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crimean Khanate (1654–1656)
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Crimean Khanate (1649–1654, 1656–1657)
Indecisive
1651 Kostka-Napierski Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Aleksander Kostka Napierski Crushing of the rebellion
1651 Peasants' Revolt on Cistercian Ląd's Land Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Peasants Crushing of the rebellion
1654–67
  • 1655
  • 1660
Russo-Polish War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crimean Khanate
Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate
Truce of Andrusovo
1655–60
  • 1655–17
  • 1655
  • 1655
  • 1656
  • 1656
  • 1657
  • 1657
Second Northern War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Austria Archduchy of Austria
Denmark Denmark–Norway
Tsardom of Russia (1656–58)
 Dutch Republic
others
Sweden Swedish Empire
Brandenburg-Prussia
Cossack Hetmanate (1657)
Principality of Transylvania
Tsardom of Russia
others
Treaty of Oliva
1663–1664 Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) League of the Rhine:

 Kingdom of France
 Holy Roman Empire

Savoy Piedmont-Savoy
 Kingdom of Hungary
Croatia Kingdom of Croatia
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

 Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate
 Moldavia
 Wallachia

Peace of Vasvár
1665–66
  • 1665
  • 1666
Lubomirski's Rokosz Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Nobility Indecisive
1666–71
  • 1666
  • 1667
  • 1671
  • 1671
Polish–Cossack–Tatar War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate
Cossack Hetmanate
 Ottoman Empire
Indecisive
1669–1670
  • 1670
Podhale uprising
  • Battle of Nowy Targ
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Peasants Crushing of the rebellion
1672–76
  • 1672
  • 1673
Polish–Ottoman War Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Wallachia Principality of Wallachia (1673)
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Moldavia Principality of Moldavia
Treaty of Żurawno
1683–99
  • 1683
  • 1698
Polish–Ottoman War (in the Holy League, part of Great Turkish War) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Austria Archduchy of Austria
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Treaty of Karlowitz
1686–1700 Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) Tsardom of Russia
Habsburg Empire
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Cossack Hetmanate
 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Victory
1697 François Louis's raid for Polish crown Augustus II the Strong François of Conti Augustus II's victory
1700–21
  • 1702
  • 1704–06
  • 1705
  • 1706
Great Northern War Tsardom of Russia
Denmark Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–)
 Electorate of Saxony (1700–06, 1709–)
Augustus II the Strong (1700–04, 1709–)
Cossack Hetmanate (1700–08, 1709–1721)
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia (1715–)
Province of Hanover Electorate of Hanover (1715-)
others
Sweden Swedish Empire
Stanisław Leszczyński (1704–09)
 Ottoman Empire (1710–14)
Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
others
Treaty of Nystad
1702–04 Palej Uprising Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossack Hetmanate Crushing of the rebellion
1715–16
  • 1715
  • 1716
  • 1716
  • 1716
  • 1716
Tarnogród Confederation
  • Battle of Radogoszcza
  • Battle of Ryczywół
  • Battle of Sokal
  • Battle of Leszno
  • Battle of Kowalew
Nobility Tsardom of Russia
 Electorate of Saxony
Silent Sejm
1733–35
  • 1734
  • 1734
  • 1734
War of the Polish Succession Stanisław Leszczyński
France Kingdom of France
Spain Kingdom of Spain
Duchy of Savoy
Augustus III of Poland
 Habsburg Monarchy
 Russian Empire
 Electorate of Saxony
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Treaty of Vienna
1734 Haidamak Uprising, 1734 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Haidamakas Uprising suppressed.
1750 Haidamak Uprising, 1750 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russia Russian Empire
Haidamakas Uprising suppressed.
1764 Civil War in Poland Hetmans' Party Familia
 Russian Empire
Defeat of Hetmans' Party
1768–69 Koliyivshchyna Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russia Russian Empire
Haidamakas Victory
1768–72
  • 1768
  • 1768
  • 1771
Bar Confederation Stanisław August Poniatowski
 Russian Empire
Nobility
Haidamaka
First Partition of Poland
1769 Šiauliai revolt Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Peasants Crushing of the rebellion
1792–1797 War of the First Coalition
Part of the French Revolutionary Wars
*  Kingdom of the French (until 1792) * Habsburg monarchy Austria French victory;
1792 Polish–Russian War of 1792 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Russian Empire Second Partition of Poland
1794 Kościuszko Uprising[15] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth  Habsburg Monarchy
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
 Russian Empire
Third Partition of Poland

19th century and World War I

Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.

Date Conflict Allies Enemies Result
1797 Denisko Uprising Poland Joachim Denisko Austria Austrian Empire Crushing of the rebellion
1798–1802 War of the Second Coalition
Part of the French Revolutionary Wars
 France
 Spain
Polish Legions
Denmark Denmark–Norway[16]
French client republics:
Second Coalition:

 Holy Roman Empire[19]

 Great Britain (until 1801)
 United Kingdom (from 1801)
 Russia (until 1799)
 Portugal
 Kingdom of Naples
Tuscany Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Order of Saint John (1798)
Malta (1798–1800)
 Ottoman Empire Kingdom of France French Royalists

French victory
1803–1806 War of the Third Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
France French Empire Third Coalition:

 Holy Roman Empire
 Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Kingdom of Sicily
 Sweden
Kingdom of France French royalists

French victory
1806–1807 War of the Fourth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
France French Empire
French satellites:
Fourth Coalition:

 Prussia
 Russia
 United Kingdom
Saxony[20]
 Sweden
Sicily

French victory
1809 War of the Fifth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
France French Empire
French satellites:
Fifth Coalition:

Austria Austrian Empire

 United Kingdom
 Spain
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
 Sardinia
Black Brunswickers

French victory
1812 French invasion of Russia
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
France French Empire

Allies:
 Austria
 Prussia
Denmark Denmark–Norway

 Russian Empire Russian victory
1812–1814 War of the Sixth Coalition
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
 First French Empire

Until January 1814

Original Coalition
 Russian Empire
 Prussia
 Austrian Empire
United Kingdom United Kingdom
 Sweden
 Spain
 Portugal
 Two Sicilies
 Kingdom of Sardinia

After Battle of Leipzig

Coalition victory
1830–1831
  • 1831
  • 1831
  • 1831
  • 1831
November Uprising[21][N 2] Kingdom of Poland  Russian Empire Crushing of the rebellion
1846 Kraków Uprising Poland Poles Austria Austrian Empire Crushing of the rebellion
1846 Greater Poland Uprising Poland Poles Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia Crushing of the rebellion
1848 Revolutions of 1848 in Poland Poland Poles Austria Austrian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Crushing of the rebellion
1863–1864
  • 1863
  • 1863
  • 1863
January Uprising Poles  Russian Empire Crushing of the rebellion
1866 Siberian Uprising
  • Battle of Miszycha
Poland Poles  Russian Empire Crushing of the rebellion
1905–1907
  • 1905
Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland Poland Poles  Russian Empire Crushing of the rebellion
1914–1918
  • 1914
  • 1914
  • 1915
  • 1916
  • 1917–1918
  • 1917
  • 1918
  • 1918
World War I (fighting in Poland on the Eastern Front)  Russian Empire
 British Empire
France French Third Republic
Poland Polish Armed Forces
Allies
 German Empire
 Austria-Hungary
Poland Polish Legions
Central Powers
Treaty of Versailles

Modern history

In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war. The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side. Later, at the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.

Date Conflict Allies Enemies Result
1918 Finnish Civil War White Finland
 Germany
 Sweden
 Estonia
 Poland
Red Finland
 Soviet Russia
Victory
  • Victory of the White Senate of Finland
  • Russian military presence ceased
  • German hegemony until November 11, 1918
1918–1919
  • 1918–1919
  • 1918
  • 1919
Polish–Ukrainian War  Second Polish Republic
Romania Kingdom of Romania
Ukraine West Ukrainian People's Republic
 Ukrainian People's Republic
Polish victory
1918–1919 Greater Poland Uprising Second Polish Republic Poles Weimar Republic Germans Polish victory
1918–1919 Polish-German skirmishes  Second Polish Republic Weimar Republic Weimar Republic Indecisive
1919 Polish coup attempt  Legal government Second Polish Republic National Democracy Failure of coup
1919 Polish–Czechoslovak War  Second Polish Republic  First Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovakia annexes Trans-Olza
1919 Bender Uprising Kingdom of Romania Kingdom of Romania

Supported by:
French Third Republic France
Only police troops
 Poland

Communist Insurgents
Hungarian Soviet Republic

Supported by:
 Russian SFSR
 Ottoman Empire

Romanian victory
1919–1920/21
  • 1919
  • 1920
  • 1920
  • 1920
Polish–Soviet War  Second Polish Republic
 Ukrainian nationalists
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
 Ukrainian SSR
 Byelorussian SSR
Polrewkom
Polish victory
Peace of Riga,[N 3] Ukrainian defeat[22]
1919–1921
  • 1919
  • 1919
    • 1919
  • 1920
  • 1921
    • 1921
Silesian Uprisings Second Polish Republic Poles  Weimar Republic Polish defeat (I)
Polish victory (II)
Indecisive (III)
1919–1920[N 4]
  • 1919
  • 1920
Polish–Lithuanian War  Second Polish Republic Lithuania Lithuania Polish victory
1923 Kraków riot  Second Polish Republic Workers Crushing of the rebellion
1926 May Coup  Legal government
Stanisław Wojciechowski
Second Polish Republic Sanation
Józef Piłsudski
Józef Piłsudski's victory
1932 Lesko uprising Second Polish Republic Sanation Peasants Crushing of the rebellion
1938 Capture of Trans-Olza  Second Polish Republic  Second Czechoslovak Republic Polish victory
1939 World War IIInvasion of Poland  Second Polish Republic  Nazi Germany
 Soviet Union
 Slovak Republic
Polish defeat
1939–1945
  • 1939–1940
  • 1940
  • 1942–1943
  • 1943–1944
  • 1944
  • 1945
World War IIPolish resistance movement Polish Underground State Polish Underground State  Nazi Germany
 Soviet Union (1939–41, after 1944)
Partial liberation of Poland
1939–1945
  • 1939–1945
  • 1940
    • 1940
  • 1940
  • 1940
  • 1941–1945
    • 1941
    • 1942
  • 1943–1945
    • 1944
  • 1944–1945
    • 1944
      • 1944
    • 1944
World War IIWestern Front Poland Polish government-in-exile
 United Kingdom
 United States of America
 Canada
 Australia
 Dominion of New Zealand
 South Africa
 France (1939–1940)
 Free France (1940–1944)
France France (from 1944)
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Belgium Belgium
Netherlands Netherlands
Norway Norway
Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Greece Greece
Luxembourg Luxembourg
 Kingdom of Italy (from 1943)
Allies
 Nazi Germany
 Kingdom of Italy (until 1943)
 Italian Social Republic (from 1943)
Axis

Co-belligerents:

 Vichy France (1940–1944)

Potsdam Conference
1943–1945
  • 1943
  • 1944
  • 1945
  • 1945
  • 1945
World War IIEastern Front  Soviet Union
Poland Poland
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (from 1944)
 Romania (from 1944)
 Finland (from 1944)
Bulgaria (from 1944)
Kingdom of Hungary Hungary (from 1945)
Supported by:
 United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Free France
 Nazi Germany
 Romania (until 1944)
 Hungary (until 1945)
 Kingdom of Italy (until 1943)
Slovak Republic (1939–1945) Slovakia
 Croatia
Co-belligerents:
 Bulgaria (until 1944)
 Finland (until 1944)
 Spain (until 1943)
Potsdam Conference
  • Borders of Poland adjusted.
1944–1949
  • 1944
World War IIFights against Ukrainian Insurgent Army
  • Battle of Leszczawa Górna
 Soviet Union
Poland The Republic of Poland
 Czechoslovakia
Ukrainian Insurgent Army Crushing of the rebellion
1944–1956
  • 1945
  • 1945
  • 1945
Fights against Cursed soldiers Poland Polish People's Republic
 Soviet Union
Polish Underground State:
Crushing of the anti-soviet underground organizations
1944–1949 Fights against german partisans  Soviet Union
Poland The Republic of Poland
 Czechoslovakia
Werwolf Crushing of the rebellion
1945 Polish–Czechoslovak border conflict of Kłodzko Poland The Republic of Poland  Czechoslovakia Indecisive
1968 Invasion of Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact:
 Soviet Union
Poland People's Republic of Poland
Hungary People's Republic of Hungary
Bulgaria People's Republic of Bulgaria
 East Germany
 Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact victory
1990–1991 Gulf War Coalition of the Gulf War:
Poland Poland
United States United States of America
France France
Iraq Iraq Coalition victory
1994–1995 Operation Uphold Democracy United States United States of America
Poland Poland
Argentina Argentina
Haiti Haiti Coalition victory
2001–2021
  • 2001–2021
  • 2007
  • 2009
  • 2003–2011
  • 2007
War on Terror  United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Poland
others
 al-Qaeda
Taliban
others
Coalition defeat in Afghanistan, victory in Iraq
2013–2014 Operation Serval
part of 2012 Northern Mali conflict and the War on Terror
 Mali
 France
 Nigeria
 Sierra Leone
 Poland

Azawad MNLA

Islamic militants Victory
  • All major cities controlled by French and Malian troops.
  • France launched Operation Barkhane on 1 August 2014.

See also

Notes

  1. Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, though most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon
  2. also called Polish–Russian War of 1830–31
  3. Russian and Polish historians tend to assign victory to their respective countries. Outside assessments vary, mostly between calling the result a Polish victory or inconclusive. Lenin, in his secret report to the 9th Conference of the Bolshevik Party on 20 September 1920, called the outcome of the war, "In a word, a gigantic, unheard-of defeat."
  4. Lithuanian historiography: Spring 1919 – November 29, 1920 Polish historiography: September 1 – October 7, 1920

Footnotes

  1. Reuter 1995, p. 262, 549.
  2. Reuter 1995, p. 262.
  3. Nicolle, p. 8
  4. Sikorski (1972), pp. 203–214.
  5. Sikorski (1972), pp. 283–291.
  6. Sikorski (1972), pp. 291–292.
  7. Sikorski (1972), pp. 299–301.
  8. Sikorski (1972), pp. 301–311.
  9. Re-entered the war as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso.
  10. The French Revolutionary Army overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
  11. Formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.
  12. Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
  13. Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.
  14. Virtually all of the Italian states, including the neutral Papal States and the Republic of Venice, were conquered following Napoleon's invasion in 1796 and became French satellite states.
  15. Sikorski (1972), pp. 435–451.
  16. Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
  17. Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
  18. Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
  19. Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
  20. Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
  21. Sikorski (1972), pp. 469–490.
  22. Kubijovic, V. (1963). Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

References

  • Gąsowski, Tomasz (1999). Bitwy polskie: leksykon. Kraków: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. ISBN 83-7006-787-5.
  • Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984). Historia oręża polskiego 1795–1939. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0339-5.
  • Lawson, M. K. (2004). Cnut – England's Viking King (2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
  • Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981). Historia oręża polskiego 963–1795. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. ISBN 83-214-0133-3.
  • Reuter, Timothy (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c.900–c.1024. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 891. ISBN 9780521364478. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  • Sikorski, Janusz (1972). Zarys historii wojskowości powszechnej do końca wieku XIX. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. OCLC 20835374.
  • Winged Hussars, Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz, BUM Magazine, 2016.

Further reading

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