Isotopes of polonium

Isotopes of polonium (₈₄Po)
β+	208Bi
β+	209Bi

There are 42 isotopes of polonium (₈₄Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. ²¹⁰Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. ²⁰⁹Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 125.2 years. ²⁰⁹Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can ²⁰⁸Po .[3]

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Historic name	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope [n 4][n 5]	Spin and parity [n 6][n 7]	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide [n 1]	Historic name	Excitation energy[n 7]			Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope [n 4][n 5]	Spin and parity [n 6][n 7]	Isotopic abundance
¹⁸⁶Po		84	102	186.0044(18)	34(12) μs	α	¹⁸²Pb	0+
¹⁸⁷Po		84	103	187.00304(30)	1.40(0.25) ms	α	¹⁸³Pb	(1/2-), (5/2-)
^187mPo		4(27) keV			0.5 ms			13/2+#
¹⁸⁸Po		84	104	187.999422(21)	430(180) μs [0.40(+20−15) ms]	α	¹⁸⁴Pb	0+
¹⁸⁹Po		84	105	188.998481(24)	5(1) ms	α	¹⁸⁵Pb	3/2−#
¹⁹⁰Po		84	106	189.995101(14)	2.46(5) ms	α (99.9%)	¹⁸⁶Pb	0+
¹⁹⁰Po		84	106	189.995101(14)	2.46(5) ms	β⁺ (.1%)	¹⁹⁰Bi	0+
¹⁹¹Po		84	107	190.994574(12)	22(1) ms	α	¹⁸⁷Pb	3/2−#
¹⁹¹Po		84	107	190.994574(12)	22(1) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁹¹Bi	3/2−#
^191mPo		130(21) keV			93(3) ms			(13/2+)
¹⁹²Po		84	108	191.991335(13)	32.2(3) ms	α (99%)	¹⁸⁸Pb	0+
¹⁹²Po		84	108	191.991335(13)	32.2(3) ms	β⁺ (1%)	¹⁹²Bi	0+
^192mPo		2600(500)# keV			~1 μs			12+#
¹⁹³Po		84	109	192.99103(4)	420(40) ms [370(+46−40) ms]	α	¹⁸⁹Pb	3/2−#
¹⁹³Po		84	109	192.99103(4)	420(40) ms [370(+46−40) ms]	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁹³Bi	3/2−#
^193mPo		100(30)# keV			240(10) ms [243(+11−10) ms]	α	¹⁸⁹Pb	(13/2+)
^193mPo		100(30)# keV			240(10) ms [243(+11−10) ms]	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁹³Bi	(13/2+)
¹⁹⁴Po		84	110	193.988186(13)	0.392(4) s	α	¹⁹⁰Pb	0+
¹⁹⁴Po		84	110	193.988186(13)	0.392(4) s	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁹⁴Bi	0+
^194mPo		2525(2) keV			15(2) μs			(11−)
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.98811(4)	4.64(9) s	α (75%)	¹⁹¹Pb	3/2−#
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.98811(4)	4.64(9) s	β⁺ (25%)	¹⁹⁵Bi	3/2−#
^195mPo		110(50) keV			1.92(2) s	α (90%)	¹⁹¹Pb	13/2+#
						β⁺ (10%)	¹⁹⁵Bi
						IT (.01%)	¹⁹⁵Po
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985535(14)	5.56(12) s	α (94%)	¹⁹²Pb	0+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985535(14)	5.56(12) s	β⁺ (6%)	¹⁹⁶Bi	0+
^196mPo		2490.5(17) keV			850(90) ns			(11−)
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.98566(5)	53.6(10) s	β⁺ (54%)	¹⁹⁷Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.98566(5)	53.6(10) s	α (44%)	¹⁹³Pb	(3/2−)
^197mPo		230(80)# keV			25.8(1) s	α (84%)	¹⁹³Pb	(13/2+)
						β⁺ (16%)	¹⁹⁷Bi
						IT (.01%)	¹⁹⁷Po
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.77(3) min	α (57%)	¹⁹⁴Pb	0+
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.77(3) min	β⁺ (43%)	¹⁹⁸Bi	0+
^198m1Po		2565.92(20) keV			200(20) ns			11−
^198m2Po		2691.86(20) keV			750(50) ns			12+
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	β⁺ (92.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	α (7.5%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(3/2−)
^199mPo		312.0(28) keV			4.17(4) min	β⁺ (73.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	13/2+
						α (24%)	¹⁹⁵Pb
						IT (2.5%)	¹⁹⁹Po
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	β⁺ (88.8%)	²⁰⁰Bi	0+
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	α (11.1%)	¹⁹⁶Pb	0+
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	β⁺ (98.4%)	²⁰¹Bi	3/2−
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	α (1.6%)	¹⁹⁷Pb	3/2−
^201mPo		424.1(24) keV			8.9(2) min	IT (56%)	²⁰¹Po	13/2+
						EC (41%)	²⁰¹Bi
						α (2.9%)	¹⁹⁷Pb
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	β⁺ (98%)	²⁰²Bi	0+
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	α (2%)	¹⁹⁸Pb	0+
^202mPo		2626.7(7) keV			>200 ns			11−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	β⁺ (99.89%)	²⁰³Bi	5/2−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	α (.11%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	5/2−
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	IT (99.96%)	²⁰³Po	13/2+
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	α (.04%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	13/2+
^203m2Po		2158.5(6) keV			>200 ns
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	β⁺ (99.33%)	²⁰⁴Bi	0+
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	α (.66%)	²⁰⁰Pb	0+
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	β⁺ (99.96%)	²⁰⁵Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	α (.04%)	²⁰¹Pb	5/2−
^205m1Po		143.166(17) keV			310(60) ns			1/2−
^205m2Po		880.30(4) keV			645 μs			13/2+
^205m3Po		1461.21(21) keV			57.4(9) ms	IT	²⁰⁵Po	19/2−
^205m4Po		3087.2(4) keV			115(10) ns			29/2−
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	β⁺ (94.55%)	²⁰⁶Bi	0+
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	α (5.45%)	²⁰²Pb	0+
^206m1Po		1585.85(11) keV			222(10) ns			(8+)#
^206m2Po		2262.22(14) keV			1.05(6) μs			(9−)#
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	β⁺ (99.97%)	²⁰⁷Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	α (.021%)	²⁰³Pb	5/2−
^207m1Po		68.573(14) keV			205(10) ns			1/2−
^207m2Po		1115.073(16) keV			49(4) μs			13/2+
^207m3Po		1383.15(6) keV			2.79(8) s	IT	²⁰⁷Po	19/2−
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	α (99.99%)	²⁰⁴Pb	0+
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	β⁺ (.00277%)	²⁰⁸Bi	0+
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	125.2(3.3) y[4]	α (99.546%)	²⁰⁵Pb	1/2−
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	125.2(3.3) y[4]	ε (.454%)	²⁰⁹Bi	1/2−
²¹⁰Po[n 8]	Radium F	84	126	209.9828737(13)	138.376(2) d	α	²⁰⁶Pb	0+	Trace[n 9]
^210mPo		5057.61(4) keV			263(5) ns			16+
²¹¹Po	Actinium C'	84	127	210.9866532(14)	0.516(3) s	α	²⁰⁷Pb	9/2+	Trace[n 10]
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	α (99.98%)	²⁰⁷Pb	(25/2+)
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	IT (.016%)	²¹¹Po	(25/2+)
^211m2Po		2135.7(9) keV			243(21) ns			(31/2−)
^211m3Po		4873.3(17) keV			2.8(7) μs			(43/2+)
²¹²Po	Thorium C'	84	128	211.9888680(13)	299(2) ns	α	²⁰⁸Pb	0+	Trace[n 11]
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	α (99.93%)	²⁰⁸Pb	(18+)
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	IT (.07%)	²¹²Po	(18+)
²¹³Po		84	129	212.992857(3)	3.65(4) μs	α	²⁰⁹Pb	9/2+	Trace[n 12]
²¹⁴Po	Radium C'	84	130	213.9952014(16)	164.3(20) μs	α	²¹⁰Pb	0+	Trace[n 9]
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	α (99.99%)	²¹¹Pb	9/2+	Trace[n 10]
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	β⁻ (2.3×10⁻⁴%)	²¹⁵At	9/2+	Trace[n 10]
²¹⁶Po	Thorium A	84	132	216.0019150(24)	0.145(2) s	α	²¹²Pb	0+	Trace[n 11]
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	α (95%)	²¹³Pb	5/2+#
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	β⁻ (5%)	²¹⁷At	5/2+#
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	α (99.98%)	²¹⁴Pb	0+	Trace[n 9]
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	β⁻ (.02%)	²¹⁸At	0+	Trace[n 9]
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	α (28.2%)	²¹⁵Pb	9/2+#
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	β⁻ (71.8%)	²¹⁹At	9/2+#
²²⁰Po		84	136	220.0164(18)	40# s [>300 ns]	β⁻	²²⁰At	0+
²²¹Po		84	137	221.02123(20)	2.2(0.7) min	β⁻	²²¹At	9/2+#
²²²Po		84	138	222.024144(40)	9.1(7.2) min	β⁻	²²²At	0+
This table header & footer:

^mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Most common isotope
Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U
Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U
Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th
Intermediate decay product of ²³⁷Np

References

Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
Boutin, Chad (2014-09-09). "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

Generenal references

Isotope data is sourced in:

Atomic weights of the elements:

de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.

Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Isotopic mass, spin and parity

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Half-life

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.

National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[4] Po – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[7] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[8] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[9] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[TNN-10] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[12] Most common isotope

[rs-13] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U

[as-14] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U

[ths-15] Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th

[16] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁷Np

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[Po209Boutin-2] Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

[po484-3] Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.

[11] Boutin, Chad (2014-09-09). "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

Isotopes of polonium

List of isotopes

See also

References