Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, sodium salt
Clinical data
ATC code	L03AX07 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name poly[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;;
CAS Number	24939-03-5 ;
PubChem CID	32744;
ChemSpider	none;
UNII	3R630IWW5I; O84C90HH2L ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90947819 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	(C10H10N4NaO7P)x • (C9H11N3NaO7P)x
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Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C or poly(I:C)) is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections.[1]

Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is expressed at the endosomal membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system.[2]

Chemistry

Poly I:C is a mismatched double-stranded RNA with one strand being a polymer of inosinic acid, the other a polymer of cytidylic acid.

Variants

Optimization of physicochemical properties of poly I:C has led to generation of derivatives that have increased stability in body fluids (such as polyICLC), or reduced toxicity through reduced stability in body fluids (such as poly I:C₁₂U).[3]

References

Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (October 2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 287 (4): R759–R766. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185. S2CID 24028101.
Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, et al. (November 2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 21 (11): 905–913. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.
Naumann K, Wehner R, Schwarze A, Petzold C, Schmitz M, Rohayem J (2013-12-02). "Activation of dendritic cells by the novel Toll-like receptor 3 agonist RGC100". Clinical & Developmental Immunology. 2013: 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.

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[pmid15205185-1] Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (October 2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 287 (4): R759–R766. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185. S2CID 24028101.

[pmid26494128-2] Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, et al. (November 2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 21 (11): 905–913. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.

[3] Naumann K, Wehner R, Schwarze A, Petzold C, Schmitz M, Rohayem J (2013-12-02). "Activation of dendritic cells by the novel Toll-like receptor 3 agonist RGC100". Clinical & Developmental Immunology. 2013: 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.