Positive pressure

Positive pressure is a pressure within a system that is greater than the environment that surrounds that system. Consequently, if there is any leak from the positively pressured system, it will egress into the surrounding environment. This is in contrast to a negative pressure room, where air is sucked in.[1][2]

Fans or filters blow air into the system, creating a positive pressure. Excess air escapes passively through designed outlets.

Use is also made of positive pressure to ensure there is no ingress of the environment into a supposed closed system. A typical example of the use of positive pressure is the location of a habitat in an area where there may exist flammable gases such as those found on an oil platform or laboratory cleanroom. This kind of positive pressure is also used in operating theaters and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) labs.

Hospitals may have positive pressure rooms for patients with compromised immune systems. Air will flow out of the room instead of in, so that any airborne microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) that may infect the patient are kept away.[2]

This process is important in human and chick development. Positive pressure, created by the closure of anterior and posterior neuropores of the neural tube during neurulation, is a requirement of brain development.

Amphibians use this process to respire, whereby they use positive pressure to inflate their lungs.

Historic utility

Industrial utility

Industrial use of positive pressure systems are commonly used to ventilate confined spaces with dust, fumes, pollutants and/or high temperatures [3]

Clinical utility

Many hospitals are equipped with negative and positive pressure rooms just for the purposes described. Negative pressure rooms are used to help keep airborne pathogens (eg. aerosolized COVID-19 and active TB) from escaping into surrounding areas, thereby preventing the spread of airborne pathogens to outside the room. Positive pressure rooms are used for immunocompromised persons (eg. Neutropenic) whereby controlled quality air is sent into the room to prevent random (and potentially polluted) air from entering the room.[4]

See also

References
  1. Angstrom-Tech-Admin (2016-04-20). "What's the Difference Between Positive and Negative Air Pressure Cleanrooms?". Angstrom Technology. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  2. "Negative and Positive Pressure Rooms 101 | Hospital Infection Control". Air Innovations. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
  3. Positive pressure technology for construction and industrial ventilation applications. https://www.southern-tool.com/store/cms//142/b32e0_184-item.pdf
  4. Rosenbaum, Robert A.; Benyo, Jeffrey S.; O'Connor, Robert E.; Passarello, Brent A.; Williams, Daniel R.; Humphrey, Brian D.; Ross, Robert W.; Berry, James M.; Krebs, Jeffrey G. (December 2004). "Use of a portable forced air system to convert existing hospital space into a mass casualty isolation area". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 44 (6): 628–634. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.03.012. ISSN 1097-6760. PMC 7118873. PMID 15573039.
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