Post-neoliberalism

Evo Morales, the former president of Bolivia, is often associated with post-neoliberalism.

The idea of post-neoliberalism arose during the pink tide of the 1990s and 2000s, in which left-wing Latin American critics of neoliberalism like Hugo Chávez and Evo Morales were thrust into power. According to researchers, the election of Chávez as the president of Venezuela in 1999 marked a definite start to the pink tide and post-neoliberal movement.[11][12] Following his election, Rafael Correa, Néstor Kirchner, Evo Morales, and numerous other leaders associated with the post-neoliberal movement were elected in Latin America during the 2000s and 2010s.[3] Into the 2020s, the Chilean president-elect Gabriel Boric, who emerged victorious in the 2021 Chilean general election, pledged to end the country's neoliberal economic model, stating: "If Chile was the cradle of neoliberalism, it will also be its grave."[13]

While the ideas of post-neoliberalism are not exclusive to Latin America, they are largely associated with the region.[14][15] Post-neoliberalism has drawn criticism from the right of the political spectrum; right-wing and far-right critics have claimed that the term itself is vague and populistic, while also arguing that "post-neoliberal" policies harm international investment and economic development.[6]

Post-neoliberalism seeks to fundamentally change the role of the state in countries where the Washington Consensus once prevailed.[16] To achieve this, post-neoliberal leaders in Latin America have advocated for the nationalization of several industries, notably the gas, mining, and oil industries.[3] Post-neoliberalism also advocates for the expansion of welfare benefits, greater governmental investment in poverty reduction, and increased state intervention in the economy.[17]

North America:

• Canada: Québec Solidaire, Green Party of Quebec
• Mexico: Morena[22]
• United States: Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party, Party for Socialism and Liberation

Asia

• Japan: Social Democratic Party[23]
• South Korea: Progressive Party[24]
• Turkey: Communist Party of Turkey,[25] Patriotic Party, Labour and Freedom Alliance[26]

Oceania

• Australia: Australian Greens[27]

• Anti-capitalism
• Kirchnerism
• Post-capitalism
• Post-Marxism
• Socialism of the 21st century

• Gerstle, Gary (2022). The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0197519646.
• Mitchell, William; Fazi, Thomas (2017). Reclaiming the State: A Progressive Vision of Sovereignty for a Post-Neoliberal World. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0745337326.
• Padoan, Enrico (2020). Anti-Neoliberal Populisms in Comparative Perspective: A Latinamericanisation of Southern Europe? (1st ed.). London, England: Routledge. ISBN 9780367322151. Retrieved 14 June 2022 – via Centre on Social Movement Studies.

• Palombarini, Stefano (12 June 2022). "A Mélenchon Government Would Shake the Foundations of Neoliberalism in Europe". Jacobin (Interview). Interviewed by Kouvélakis, Stathis. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
• Foroohar, Rana (9 October 2022). "The new rules for business in a post-neoliberal world". Financial Times.
• Levitz, Eric (1 February 2023). "The End of 'Zombie Neoliberalism'?". New York.
• Ramesh, Akhil (16 May 2023). "The new Biden trade doctrine is a death knell for neoliberalism". The Hill.
• Menand, Louis (17 July 2023). "The Rise and Fall of Neoliberalism". The New Yorker.