Scientology ethics and justice

The ethics officer is a staff member in a Scientology organization whose job is to ensure that staff members and all scientologists are correctly following procedures. The EO works one-on-one with scientologists to help them with ethics issues. In the Sea Org, this is called the Master-at-Arms. The ethics officer works in the Department of Inspection and Reports, handles all ethics and security matters, performs ethics interviews, does investigations, and follows up on ethics orders.[6]^{: 352, 359}[7]^: 180

An ethics officer is expected to have ethics presence over all staff and public scientologists — likewise a senior over their juniors, and any Sea Org member over any other scientologist. Ethics presence is a person's quality of authority or command value, a combination of poise, attitude, effectiveness and enforcement. Per Hubbard, "ethics presence is an 'X' quality made up partly of symbology, partly of force, some 'now we're supposed to's' and endurance" and "as an executive you get compliance because you have ethics presence and persistence and can get mad."[2]^: 96[8]^: 181

Every Scientology organization is required to keep ethics files on every person, staff or public.[9]^{: 186, 306} Scientologists are required to write reports on other scientologists when they discover a behavior that doesn't follow policy. Even students in scientology-affiliated schools are required to write reports on their fellow students for rule violations, as do employees at companies run by scientologists.[9]^{: 186, 306} There are numerous specialty ethics reports, but the most common ethics reports are "knowledge reports" and "Things that Shouldn't Be" reports.[1]^{: 267–274}

A sort of civil court process where two Scientologists can go to handle civil disputes.[7]^: 73

There is no arbitration procedure in Scientology. The closest Scientology procedure to what is commonly known as arbitration is the Chaplain's court.

An ethics officer may send out a formal request to a person or persons to show up for a hearing. An ethics hearing is a fact-finding hearing, to gather information about whether an ethics violation has occurred.[7]^: 180

A court of ethics is a disciplinary hearing based on evidence already collected.[7]^: 117 A court of ethics is convened by an ethics officer or an executive senior to the staff member being charged. The offenses being accused are of non-serious nature and the sentences are at the discretion of the person who convened the court of ethics. The court is not supposed to engage in investigation, but rather operate only on known evidence.[10]

An order to a scientologist stating that if one more ethics report is received on them, they will be declared a suppressive person.[7]^{: 348–349}

A comm ev is a disciplinary procedure, Scientology's version of a trial or tribunal, which is "rather like a court martial but without lawyers or formal procedural norms."[11] A scientologist is summoned to a committee of evidence to answer for a list of alleged crimes or high crimes. A panel of appointed scientologists in good standing are to "gather and review evidence, determine guilt, and recommend punishment."[2]^: 297[6]^: 347

A Committee of Evidence is considered the most severe form of ethics action.
— L. Ron Hubbard, HCO PL 29 Apr 65 III

The process starts at the request of an executive who makes a formal accusation. A convening authority initiates the comm ev by appointing a chairman, a secretary, and two to five other Scientology members, the majority of which should be senior to the accused. The committee will read and hear evidence for and against the accused. The panel has two weeks to complete the comm ev process. The accused may present their own evidence and testimony, as well as bring witnesses to testify, but may not bring any legal representatives. After reviewing evidence, the committee votes guilty or not on each charge, and conviction is determined by majority vote. The committee recommends punishment and the results are published as the findings and recommendations signed by all committee members. The only means of recourse is a review by a higher level committee, which reviews only recordings and documents from the original comm ev — no new evidence to be presented.[12]

Interrogations done using an E-meter.[2]^: 303

Anyone disagreeing with Scientology or writing a nasty letter to the Church of Scientology is dead filed. Their letters go in the trash and the organization doesn't respond. Scientology magazines are not sent to persons that are dead filed.[13]^: 158[7]^: 107,131

High crimes are serious violations of Scientology ethics policies, including publicly departing Scientology or committing acts that are suppressive of the organization.[7]^: 258[1]^: 307

An "SP" is a person designated as an enemy to Scientology. When a person is formally labeled a suppressive person by the Church of Scientology, a "Suppressive Person Declare" is printed on goldenrod-colored paper and posted on all public notice boards. A person thus labelled is said to have been "declared". [2]^{: 297, 304}[6]^: 350 To get un-declared involves doing A to E steps. Until then, a declared person may only communicate with the International Justice Chief.[1]^{: 316–318}

Someone connected to a suppressive person.[2]^: 302 According to Malko, "Any person, while active in Scientology or a preclear, [who] remains connected to a suppressive person or group."[13]^: 160 A PTS person works with the ethics officer to work out a plan to handle or disconnect from the suppressive person in their life.[6]^: 363 Sickness and injury are considered a sign that someone is PTS.[1]^: 195 There are several subcategories of potential trouble sources. PTS Type One is a person currently in contact with an SP, Type Two is someone connected to someone who reminds them of an SP in their past, and Type Three is someone who is psychotic. There are ten other types (A–J), including PTS Type B: those with criminal records.[7]^{: 421–422} Persons who have been labelled PTS by the ethics department are not eligible to receive Scientology auditing or training.[1]^{: 202–203}

Disconnection is the severing of all ties with someone declared a suppressive person. When someone is declared SP in Scientology, all Scientologists are pressured into disconnecting from the SP, including close family members, employees, clients, and friends. Refusing or failing to disconnect from an SP carries the risk of being declared SP oneself.[2]^: 298[14][15]

Fair game is a retaliatory policy against perceived enemies which L. Ron Hubbard established in the 1950s, formalized in 1965, and described further in 1967. Since it caused bad public relations, in 1968 Hubbard prohibited use of the term "fair game" — but not its actions. The practice continues.[16]^{: 108–109}

[A bulletin] went out naming [someone] as having been relegated to the condition of "Enemy," to be considered "fair game," defined by Hubbard as somebody who "may be deprived of property or injured by any means by any Scientologist without any discipline of the Scientologist. May be tricked, sued, or lied to, or destroyed."[13]^: 160

— George Malko

Fair game is one of the penalties that can be leveled on a person for having committed a high crime against Scientology, or as a penalty after a committee of evidence.[7]^: 258 In two separate court cases (Armstrong and Wollersheim) the Church of Scientology argued that fair game policies are a "core practice of Scientology" and are therefore protected as "religious expression".[16]^{: 108–109} Hubbard instructed his followers that "fair game" is appropriate treatment for journalists, judges, hostile lawyers, government agencies, psychiatrists and others.[9]^{: 113–114}

A penalty for some high crimes, or punishment imposed by a committee of evidence. [7]^: 258

The IJC is the most senior ethics officer within the Church of Scientology network. While a suppressive person is working on an amends project to get back in good graces, they may communicate only with the International Justice Chief, a position at Church of Scientology International.[1]^{: 316–318} As of 2023, the IJC is Mike Ellis, who has held that post since at least 2004.[17][18]

The program of steps required of a suppressive person in order to get back in good standing. The steps include ceasing committing of any suppressive acts, making a public apology, paying off all debts owed to Scientologists or Scientology organizations, performing an amends project, re-training from the bottom of The Bridge to Total Freedom, and communicating all of these actions to the International Justice Chief [1]^{: 316–317}

The Sea Org equivalent to the ethics officer. See ethics officer.

Procedure to determine if a new Sea Org recruit is judged to be fit for remaining in the Sea Org, or to have one removed if deemed unfit.[6]^: 353

Leaving the Sea Org without authorization is called a blow. It usually results in someone being declared a suppressive person.[2]^: 295 The term is also used for anyone leaving a staff position in a non-Sea Org organization, or a public person leaving Scientology.[6]^: 345 A blow drill is used at Gold Base: when someone escapes the compound or is missing, staff are deployed to nearby bus stations and hotels, airline flight records are searched, and the person is hunted down and recovered. Those recovered were placed on heavy labor duty and undergo intense interrogation.[6]^: 345[9]^: 324

The RPF is a long-term labor camp for Sea Org members who are supposedly troublemakers or failures. Though billed as a method of redemption or rehabilitation, assignment to the RPF has often been used as a punishment and individuals have been kept on the RPF for years. RPFers are segregated from other Sea Org members, undergo security checks, and perform manual labor for most of every day. They may not speak to others.[2]^{: 302–303}[6]^: 364

A punishment level less severe than assignment to the RPF. Similar to a new Sea Org recruit's experience on the Estates Project Force (a sort of boot camp), the member performs manual labor for most of the day. It is also called "being on the decks" or "assigned to the decks".

The Hole is the name of a de facto prison building at Gold Base; an office building of two adjacent double-wide trailers that was turned into a prison by David Miscavige. All but one exterior door was barred shut, windows were fixed to limit opening them only two inches, and a 24-hour guard was posted at the remaining door. Initially, 40 personnel were placed inside until they "confessed their crimes" to Miscavige's satisfaction. The 'prisoners' slept on the floor, were fed cold leftovers or rice and beans, had limited access to washing facilities, and were subjected to daily confession sessions and public humiliation. At one point, the number of prisoners reached 140. Along with sleep deprivation and starvation, there was also physical brutality, and physical and mental torture. Though some people managed to escape the building, their escape from the surrounding premises would be thwarted by guards, cameras, motion sensors, and razor wire. Many 'residents' remained in the Hole for years.[19][2]^{: 208–217}

A punishment by Hubbard in the 1960's while aboard the Apollo whereby a student or staff member's hands were tied and they were thrown over the side of the ship into the ocean. After the Sea Org moved onto land, the practice was resurrected by David Miscavige when he marched his entire staff to the swimming pool at Gold Base and made each person walk the plank (diving board) and jump into the pool fully-clothed. After that first "overboard ceremony", Miscavige changed the venue to a "slimy pond" on the property and such punishments became a frequent practice.[2]^: 208

Hubbard defined seven levels of conditions (and five lower conditions) and codified a condition formula to perform in order to rise to the next higher condition. For example, one starts a post in the condition of Non-existence; if one performs the steps for the condition of Non-existence, then one rises to the next higher condition which is Danger. Continuing to perform the requisite formulas, one will rise up to Emergency, then Normal, Affluence, Power, and finally Power change. If one fails to correctly perform the steps of the condition one is in, one drops down to the next level lower.[11][20][1]^{: Chapter 5}

The conditions are usually aligned with Non-existence at the bottom, and the conditions are assigned based on the angle of the line on the graph.

• Power change: What one does if one takes on someone else's post that was in a Condition of Power
• Power condition: A Normal trend in a new higher range
• Affluence condition: Line on graph is steeply up trending
• Normal condition: Line on graph is slightly up trending
• Emergency condition: Line on graph remains level or is slightly down trending
• Danger condition: Line on graph is more than slightly down trending
• Non-existence condition: Line on graph is steeply or vertically down, or no statistics at all

An example of a condition formula is the Emergency formula:[1]^{: 112–113}

1. Promote.
2. Change your operating basis.
3. Economize.
4. Prepare to deliver.
5. Stiffen discipline.

Lower conditions are not based on statistics graphs. When there is deviance from social or production norms, one is assigned one of the five lower conditions, which also have formulas. The purpose of performing the steps of each formula is to get upgraded to the next higher condition until one is back at Non-existence. The rankings of lower conditions start at the lowest level which is Confusion, and rises through Treason, Enemy, Doubt, Liability, and back to Non-existence.[11][20] An example of a step on a lower condition is step #3 of the Liability formula: "Make up the damage one has done by personal contribution far beyond the ordinary demands of a group member."[11]^: 76

A person whose statistic is up trending, is called an upstat. A person whose statistic is down trending is called a downstat.

In 1965, Hubbard wrote, "Ethics actions are often used to handle down individual statistics. A person who is not doing his job becomes an Ethics target" and goes on to detail how a Scientologist can protect himself from Ethics punishment by being more productive and keeping statistics up: "In short, a staff member can get away with murder so long as his statistic is up and can't sneeze without a chop if it's down."[21]

If the staff member's production is sufficiently high (as evidenced by an up statistic), the Scientologist gains an immunity to the Ethics process (ethics protection), even if they have openly committed violations:

When people do start reporting a staff member with a high statistic, what you investigate is the person who turned in the report. In an ancient army a particularly brave deed was recognized by an award of the title of Kha-Khan. It was not a rank. The person remained what he was, BUT he was entitled to be forgiven the death penalty ten times in case in the future he did anything wrong. That was a Kha-Khan. That's what producing, high-statistic staff members are – Kha-Khans. They can get away with murder without a blink from Ethics.... And Ethics must recognize a Kha-Khan when it sees one – and tear up the bad report chits on the person with a yawn.

— L. Ron Hubbard, HCOPL 1 Sep 1965, "Ethics Protection"