Power sector of Andhra Pradesh

Power sector of Andhra Pradesh is divided into 4 categories namely Regulation, Generation, Transmission and Distribution. Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC) is the regulatory body.[1] APGENCO deals with the electricity production and also maintenance, proposes new projects and upgrades existing ones as well.[2] The APGENCO also set up a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), named as Andhra Pradesh Power Development Company Limited (APPDCL), a joint venture company of APGENCO (with 50% equity) and IL&FS (50% equity) to set up Krishnapatanam thermal power project (2x800 MW).[3]

APTRANSCO is set up for transmission of power.[4] Power distribution in the state is divided into three divisions, namely Eastern Power Distribution Corporation Limited (APEPDCL), Central Power Distribution Corporation Limited (APCPDCL[5]) and Southern Power Distribution Corporation Limited (APSPDCL), which distributes the power to the households, agriculture and the industries.[6] APGENCO, APPDCL, NTPC and other private firms contribute to the generation of power in the state of Andhra Pradesh.[7][8][9] Andhra Pradesh has become the second state in India to achieve 100% electrification of all households.[10] Weighted average cost of power generation and purchases is INR 3.45 per kWh which is highest in the country.[11] Andhra Pradesh is also leader by installing 433 nos electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) out of 927 nos installed in the entire country as on 30 June 2020.[12]

Under the program of installing 500 GW capacity of renewable power capacity by 2030, nearly 59 GW (25%) of solar and wind power is identified out of 236.58 GW in three districts of the state.[13]

The newly formed Andhra Pradesh Green Energy Corporation Limited (APGECL), a 100% subsidiary of APGENCO, will be the trading agency/licensee for the 10 GW solar project in a phased manner and for connecting it to the grid.[14] The 10 GW solar projects would be used to meet the entire agriculture power consumption which will be met during the day time for nine hours duration daily.[15] Andhra Pradesh is also leading in installation of solar power /off grid agriculture pump sets.[16] A renewable energy export policy for Andhra Pradesh was also announced to facilitate the setting up of 120 GW solar, wind and solar-wind hybrid energy parks by using 0.5 million acres of land.[17] New & Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (NREDCAP), a state owned company, is actively involved in promoting renewable energy projects in the state.[18] Roof top solar power cost/unit in the state are falling below the domestic power tariff.[19]

The total installed utility power generation capacity is nearly 24,854 MW in the state as of 31 March 2020[20] APtransCo has made long term power purchase agreements for 19,068 MW as of 31 March 2019.[21][22] The per capita electricity consumption is 1234 units with 63,143 million KWh gross electricity supplied in the year 2018–19.[21][23] The performance of Krishnapatanam thermal power station (2X800 MW) with super critical pressure technology is not satisfactory even after one year commercial operation as the units rarely operate at rated capacity forcing the state to purchase costly power from day ahead trading in IEX.[24][25]

Power sector of Andhra Pradesh flow chart
Dr Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station (500 MW Unit)

Short term power purchases

APDisComs purchase regularly from the energy exchange, etc. to meet the peak load and energy shortages. As the power purchases/sales are done on daily basis without proper planning and optimum utilization of APGENCO power generation capacity, APERC has given guidelines to the DisComs for implementation while making short term (less than one year duration) purchases and sales in the year 2022.[26][27]

Non-renewable

Thermal power
Map of coal based thermal power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
Krishnapatnam
Krishnapatnam
Ibrahimpatnam
Ibrahimpatnam
Parawada
Parawada
Muddanur
Muddanur
Thamminapatnam
Thamminapatnam
Pudimadaka
Pudimadaka
Polaki
Polaki
Map of coal based thermal power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Blue are operational and Red are proposed[28]

Thermal power plants are based on the fuel coal, gas, diesel etc. Public sector undertaking NTPC, state level power generating companies and private firms are engaged in this sector for power generation.

Currently operating coal based thermal power plants in Andhra Pradesh are listed below.[29][30]

NameOperatorLocationDistrictSectorCapacity
(MW)		Coordinates
Simhadri Super Thermal Power PlantNTPCParawadaVisakhapatnamCentral2,00017°35′38″N 83°5′23″E
Dr Narla Tatarao TPSAPGENCOVijayawada KrishnaState2,56016°35′58″N 80°32′12″E
Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station[31]APGENCOMuddanurKadapaState1,65014°42′14″N 78°27′29″E
Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power StationAPPDCLKrishnapatnamNelloreJoint2,40014°19′39″N 80°07′15″E
Vizag Thermal Power StationHindujaGajuwakaVisakhapatnamPrivate1,04017°33′45″N 83°8′15″E
Simhapuri Thermal Power StationSEPLKrishnapatanamNellorePrivate60014°12′35″N 80°05′23″E
Meenakshi Thermal Power StationMEPLKrishnapatanamNellorePrivate1,00014°12′57″N 80°05′19″E
Sembcorp Energy India LimitedSEILKrishnapatanamNellorePrivate1,32014°19′45″N 80°08′27″E
SGPL Power StationSGPLKrishnapatanamNellorePrivate1,32014°21′5″N 80°08′37″E
TOTAL13,890

Gas fuel-based
Map of currently operating combined cycle gas turbine power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
Map of currently operating combined cycle gas turbine power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh

The following are the list of presently installed combined cycle gas turbine power plants and diesel engine power plants in the state. However many of these power plants are not operating due to non-availability of natural gas and high cost of liquid fuels.[32]

Power stationOperatorLocationDistrictSectorCapacity
(MW)		Plant Coordinates
APGPCL PlantAPGPCLVijjeswaramW. GodavariJoint27216°56′02″N 81°43′27″E
Lanco Kondapalli Power PlantLanco InfratechKondapalliKrishnaPrivate146616°38′20″N 80°33′00″E
Gautami Combined Cycle Power PlantGVKPeddapuramE. GodavariPrivate46417°02′21″N 82°08′43″E
Konaseema Combined Cycle Power PlantKonaseema Gas Power Limited (KGPL)RavulapalemE. GodavariPrivate44516°44′05″N 81°51′44″E
Vemagiri Combined Cycle Power PlantGMRVemagiriE. GodavariPrivate37016°55′29″N 81°48′46″E
GMR Rajamundry Combined Cycle Power Plant[33]GMRVemagiriE. GodavariPrivate76816°55′28″N 81°48′46″E
Samarlakota Combined Cycle Power Plant[34]RelianceSamarlakotaE. GodavariPrivate187017°02′19″N 82°08′05″E
Godavari Gas Power Plant[35]APGENCOJegurupaduE. GodavariState21616°55′55″N 81°51′37″E
Jegurupadu Combined Cycle Power PlantGVKJegurupaduE. GodavariPrivate22916°55′54″N 81°51′36″E
Spectrum Combined Cycle Power PlantSpectrumKakinadaE. GodavariPrivate20917°03′31″N 82°18′34″E
GMR (barge mounted) Power PlantGMRKakinadaE. GodavariPrivate23717°03′32″N 82°18′33″E
LVS Diesel Engine Power StationGreenkoVishakhapatnamVisakhapatnamPrivate3717°50′45″N 83°14′13″E
Panduranga CCPPPESPLAnnadevarapetaW. GodavariPrivate11617°07′45″N 81°36′09″E
RVK Energy power plant[36]KSK Energy VenturesRajahmundryE. GodavariPrivate436
Sriba power plantSriba industriesChigurukotaKrishnaPrivate30
Silkroad sugar power plantEID ParryKakinadaE. GodavariPrivate35
Srivathsa Power plantAsian GencoPrivate17
Total7,217

Renewable

Hydroelectric

This is the list of major hydroelectric power plants in Andhra Pradesh.[37]

Srisailam Dam
Srisailam right bank power house
Power station nameOperatorLocationSectorUnit wise Capacity
MW		Capacity

MW[25]

Donkarayi PHAPGENCOE. GodavariState1x2525.00
Hampi canal Power House (PH)APGENCOJoint project of AP, TS & Karnataka
Located in Karnataka		State4 x 9
(AP Share-28.8)		28.80
Lower Sileru PHAPGENCOE. GodavariState4 x 115460.00
Machkund PHAPGENCOJoint project of AP, TS & Odisha
Located in Odisha		State3 x 17 + 3 x 23
(AP Share-84)		84.00
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal PHAPGENCONagarjuna Sagar Dam, Guntur districtState3 x 3090.00
Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond PHAPGENCONagarjuna Sagar Dam, Guntur districtState2 x 2550.00
Penna Ahobilam PHAPGENCOKorrakodu, Anantapur districtState2 x 1020.00
Srisailam Right Bank PHAPGENCOSrisailam, KurnoolState7 x 110770.00
TB Dam PHAPGENCOJoint project of AP, TS & Karnataka
Located in Karnataka		State4 × 9
(AP Share-28.8)		28.80
Upper Sileru PHAPGENCOVisakhapatnamState4 x 60240.00
Somasila PHBalaji EnergyNellorePrivate2 x 5, 2 x 4, 1 x 2, 1 x 3[38][39]23.00
Chettipeta Mini Hydel[40]APGENCOWest Godavari district State2 x 0.51.00
Polavaram Hydro-Electric projectAPGENCOAnguluru, East Godavari districtState12 x 80
Under Construction[41]
Pinnapuram Pumped Storage Project (PSP)Greenko Energynear Nandyal, Kurnool districtPrivate4 x 240, 2 x 120
Under Construction[42][43]
Veeraballi PSPAstha Greennear Veeraballi, Kadapa districtPrivate2720 MW
Under investigation[44]
Upper Sileru PSPAPGENCOnear Sileru village, VisakhapatnamState9 x 150 MW
Under hold due to very high cost[45]
Chitravati PSPAPGENCOnear Peddakotla village, Anantapuramu districtState2 x 250 MW
Under investigation[46]
Singanamala PSPNREDCAPAnantapuramu districtState800 MW
Under investigation[47]
Overall capacity in (MW)[22]1820.60

Pumped storage hydroelectricity projects

Pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) projects with high water head are the cheap means of converting intermittent renewable power generation sources like solar PV or wind power in to base load supply for round the clock needs throughout the year.[48][49] AP state is endowed with vast PHES potential adequate to utilise its vast solar PV power generation potential (above 1,000,000 MW installed on 16,000 km2 marginal lands) to meet ultimate green energy requirements of its peak population (60 million).[50] AP is considering on a major scale to install PHES projects to make available the surplus wind / solar power during the peak load hours.[51][52] PHESs also generate income, in addition to hydroelectricity cess/royalty, to the state in the form of water use charges at commercial rates for the evaporation loss or consumptive water from the reservoirs. The area occupied by the high head PHES is less than the area occupied by the equivalent battery energy storage system (BESS) housed in a three storied building. High head PHES installation cost (< US$40 per KWh in a day) is less than the cost of land and buildings required to house the equivalent BESS.[53][54] PHES are more suitable in India where energy and water storage needs are complementary.[54][55] Unlike the static BESS, the rotating turbo-generator of a PHES will enhance dynamic inertia (GD2) of the grid which contributes to a stable grid to ride through the power disturbances when power generation in the grid is dominated by the static solar PV power.[56] Variable speed PHES plants also deliver the power grid ancillary services.[57] In high head PHES, unlined pressure tunnels/shafts are constructed to the extent feasible for reducing construction cost.[58]

Blast-hole drilling at an opencast mine.

The water reservoir of a PHES is created by building embankment dams wherever required up to the required height and length. The rock required for building the dams is excavated from the reservoir area. Cheaper drilling and blasting method is extensively used deploying state of the art earth moving equipment because huge quantity of rock excavation is required for the construction of the rock-fill dams.[59][60]

A rock-fill embankment dam.

Polavaram right bank PHES: A 103,000 MW PHES project is under investigation with an upper reservoir, located near Parantapalle hamlet in West Godavari district, with 90 tmcft live storage at 700 m msl full reservoir level (FRL). The turkey-nest type upper reservoir is 18 km long from north to south and 1.1 km wide and its water surface area is 16 km2 with 200 m water depth and nearly 90 tmcft live storage.[61] The adjacent Polavaram reservoir at FRL 45 m msl with 194 tmcft gross storage is the lower reservoir as perennial water source. The average water head available is 600 m with a provision to draw 33 tmcft/day from the Polavaram reservoir by the PHES units located in semi open or underground power houses. To run the PHES on daily basis, the lower reservoir is to be kept empty by 33 tmcft below its FRL for holding the water released by PHES in generation mode. Another 33 tmcft is used to compensate the loss of storage capacity in the lower reservoir. This buffer storage is released in to lower reservoir for irrigation, etc. needs once in a year at the end of monsoon year and it is replenished at the earliest from the flood water inflows into the lower reservoir. Also seepage and evaporation losses from the upper reservoir are met from the buffer storage sourced from flood waters and not drawn from the lower reservoir storage. The excess buffer storage maintained in this upper reservoir can also serve up to 24 tmcft for other PHESs in the state which are using Godavari basin water and have no buffer storage of their own (ex: Jalaput PHES). The upper reservoir can be further expanded by 3.5 km length on its south side to enhance the live / buffer storage substantially. The PHES project can produce 412 billion KWh at 4000 hours/year or 12 hours/day operation in generation mode by consuming the surplus power generated from the solar and wind power plants during the day time. This PHES can also moderate the severe floods by utilizing empty volume kept in the lower reservoir or operating in pump mode (maximum 7.63 lakh cusecs) to fill the upper reservoir. In case of emergency / repairs, the entire water storage in the upper reservoir can be emptied safely into the lower reservoir / river within 24 hours by running the PHES in generation mode.

Srisailam right bank PHES: A 77,000 MW PHES project is feasible with an upper reservoir, located on the right bank side within 1000 m distance of Srisailam reservoir, with 87 tmcft live storage at 650 m msl FRL. The reservoir bunds are constructed on 500 m msl contour line by 155 m high and the water surface area of the upper reservoir is nearly 20 km2. The adjacent Srisailam reservoir at FRL 270 m msl with 185 tmcft live storage is the lower reservoir with perennial water source. The average water head available is 340 m with provision to draw water from the Srisailam reservoir by the PHES units located in semi open or underground power houses. The PHES project can produce 308 billion KWh at 4000 hours/year or 12 hours/day operation in generation mode. Only 43.5 tmcft (50%) reservoir storage is used for power generation on daily basis and the remaining half kept as buffer storage to compensate the loss of storage in downstream reservoir due to PHES by releasing water once in a year in to the Srisailam reservoir to meet irrigation water requirements. The buffer storage is replenished later at the earliest during the monsoon/floods. This PHES can also moderate the severe floods by utilizing empty volume kept in the lower reservoir or operating in pump mode (maximum 10 lakh cusecs) to fill the upper reservoir.

Feasible PHES projects
List of feasible PHES locations
PHES name/
lower reservoir[62]		 Power potential
(MW)		 Power generation
(Billion KWh/yr)		 Upper reservoir Average water
head (meters)		 Remarks
LocationCoordinateRiver basinWater area
(km2)		Live storage
(tmcft)		FRL
(m msl)		MDDL
(m msl)
Polavaram right bank PHES103,000412West Godavari district17°27′33″N 81°29′43″EGodavari169070050060057 tmcft buffer storage available. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.7 km.
Srisailam right bank PHES77,000308Kurnool district16°02′33″N 78°30′51″EKrishna208765050034043.5 tmcft buffer storage included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.1 km.
Gandikota PHES128,000112Kadapa district14°49′47″N 78°13′41″EPenna2152435335210Buffer storage 26 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.1 km.
Gandikota PHES2[63]6001.12Kadapa district14°46′29″N 78°17′7″EPenna10.16515505303It is a peaking PHES with six hours daily operation in generation mode. No buffer storage is provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.8 km.
Paidipalem PHES11,8507.4Kadapa district14°43′47″N 78°11′9″EPenna12.5600510285Buffer storage 1.25 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Paidipalem PHES22,75011Kadapa district14°41′21″N 78°13′25″EPenna1.53.7600500285Buffer storage 1.85 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.9 km.
Buggavanka PHES6002.4Kadapa district14°24′5″N 78°52′15″EPenna0.80.9470410260Buffer storage 0.45 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.5 km.
Annamayya PHES[64]11504.6Kadapa district14°12′25″N 78°57′51″EPenna1.11.6555455285Buffer storage 0.8 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 6 km.
Mylavaram PHES14,00056Kadapa district14°48′1″N 78°16′35″EPenna920500375275Buffer storage 10 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.7 km.
Brahmamsagar PHES13,00052Kadapa district14°46′27″N 78°52′3″EPenna9.538400250130Buffer storage 19 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Telugu Ganga subsidiary reservoirs PHES2,60010.4Kurnool district14°51′25″N 78°43′51″EPenna48400250120Buffer storage 4 tmcft provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Owk PHES14,70018.8Kurnool district15°14′51″N 78°2′49″EPenna100210500350220Works on a seasonal basis to store 201.7 tmcft Krishna and Godavari waters as well as on daily basis. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet water shortages in drought years. Buffer storage 4.15 tmcft included. This upper reservoir will supply irrigation water to the Handri catchment area in the Kurnool district and the left bank side of the Penna river in the Ananthapur district including water supply augmentation to the Handri-Neeva project. This upper reservoir is so planned by its area location to cut across the local Erramala hill range from east to west to supply irrigation water mostly by gravity. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 5.7 km.
Owk PHES2 [65]8001.65Kurnool district15°9′37″N 78°4′5″EPenna0.60.4400380165Peaking PHES for 6 hours daily operation. No Buffer storage is provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Gorakallu PHES12,50050Kurnool district15°35′33″N 78°22′17″EPenna37100450300170Works on a seasonal basis to store 71.4 tmcft Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet water shortages in drought years. Buffer storage 14.28 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.3 km.
Velugodu PHES7,80031Kurnool district15°42′21″N 78°39′25″EPenna40100420270100Works on a seasonal basis to store 70 tmcft Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet water shortages in drought years. Buffer storage 15 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Mid Pennar PHES2,60010.4Anantapur district14°52′47″N 77°23′27″EPenna3.7510525375100Buffer storage 5 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 0.7 km.
Chitravati PHES[66]5000.95Anantapur district14°34′27″N 77°56′3″EPenna0.50.21475455176Peaking load PHES. No buffer storage is included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 0.81 km.
Somasila PHES[67]1,2002.3Nellore district14°30′57″N 79°16′25″EPenna10.18624600511Peaking load PHES. No buffer storage is included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.9 km.
Kalyani PHES3,70014.8Chittoor district13°43′9″N 79°18′47″ESwarnamukhi1.51.811001000790Buffer storage 0.9 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.5 km. The upper reservoir of the PHES can also supply water to Tirumala in case of water shortages.
Yeleru PHES5,50022East Godavari district17°20′1″N 82°9′23″EYeleru2.005.3500350400Buffer storage 2.65 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 5.5 km.
Tandava PHES9,20036.8Visakhapatnam district17°43′35″N 82°27′47″ETandava1.5041050850875Buffer storage 2 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.5 km.
Raiwada PHES2,3509.4Visakhapatnam district18°3′17″N 82°54′55″ESarada0.502635485450Buffer storage 1 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.85 km.
Pedderu PHES1,4255.5Visakhapatnam district17°52′37″N 82°40′9″ESarada0.250.7950850780Buffer storage 0.35 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Konam PHES2,2008.8Visakhapatnam district17°55′47″N 82°40′19″ESarada1.21.7725625495Buffer storage 0.85 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 5.8 km.
NTR PHES6502.6Visakhapatnam district17°57′35″N 82°46′35″ESarada0.20.4775700640Buffer storage 0.2 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.6 km.
Varaha PHES1,3004.2Visakhapatnam district17°49′25″N 82°42′5″EVaraha0.520.75820750660Buffer storage 0.37 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.6 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Tatipudi PHES9,00036Vizianagaram district18°15′25″N 83°8′41″EGosthani26.5700500535Buffer storage 3.25 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.5 km.
Andra PHES2,50010Vizianagaram district18°22′7″N 83°9′55″EChampavati0.71.8800710520Buffer storage 0.9 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.3 km.
Peddagadda PHES3,10012.4Vizianagaram district18°23′41″N 83°4′41″ENagavali1.82790650600Buffer storage 1 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7 km.
Vengalaraya Sagar PHES2,2509Vizianagaram district18°37′7″N 83°14′55″ENagavali0.52660510430Buffer storage 1 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.65 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Vattigedda PHES1,2505Vizianagaram district18°49′41″N 83°37′23″ENagavali0.91.8440290255Buffer storage 0.9 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.85 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Nagavali PHES2501Vizianagaram district18°36′57″N 83°50′1″ENagavali410300140200Pumps water @ 5500 cusecs on a seasonal basis to store 9.75 tmcft Nagavali river flood waters. The stored water during monsoon months is released back in later months during the night time for irrigation needs. Rest of the year, PHES works on a daily basis to generate power during nighttime. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet water shortages in drought years. A new barrage with 0.25 tmcft live storage will be constructed near 18°32′57″N 83°48′5″E across the Nagavali river to divert water to the tunnel of the PHES. Buffer storage 0.25 tmcft included. The distance between the upper reservoir and the river is nearly 8.25 km.
Jhanjavati PHES2,3509.4Vizianagaram district18°53′7″N 83°23′51″ENagavali0.51.5530330300No buffer storage required as the lower reservoir is not used presently. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.37 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2. The unused reservoir area on the right of the Jhanjavati river is isolated from the river by constructing a 2.2 km long earth bund up to 150 m msl to create 1.5 tmcft water storage for using as a lower reservoir.
Hiramandalam PHES[68]2,50010Srikakulam district18°41′19″N 83°52′57″EVamsadhara37240901353.5 tmcft buffer storage included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.5 km.
Gotta barrage PHES[69]750 + 10,000 = 10,7501.5Srikakulam district18°41′39″N 84°1′15″EVamsadhara408022070135The main purpose of this PHES is to store up to 79 tmcft flood waters which are going waste to the sea every year. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet water shortages in drought years. The PHES pumps flood water @ 23,000 cusecs from the Vamsdhara river during the monsoon months and works as PHES the rest of the year. Buffer storage 0.5 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.3 km.

The upper reservoir of this PHES can also be connected to the Hiramandalam reservoir at 18°40′5″N 83°56′37″E (20 tmcft storage) by 9 km long tunnels to use 16.5 tmcft per day by installing a 10,000 MW PHES to generate power for nine months duration in a year when the reservoir is empty by 16.5 tmcft or more.

Kumbum PHES2,2008.8Prakasam district15°37′35″N 79°5′1″EGundlakamma5.55.8380255140Buffer storage 2.9 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.3 km.
Nallamala Sagar PHES126,500106Prakasam district15°40′37″N 79°5′5″EGundlakamma7784.5380240120Buffer storage 42.25 tmcft included. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2 km.
Nallamala Sagar PHES29003.6Prakasam district15°39′25″N 79°4′23″EGundlakamma1.52.5380230130Buffer storage 1.25 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.75 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Right Bank PHES1,5001.5Kurnool district16°5′39″N 78°54′51″EKrishna--27024590Mainly works to pump water from existing Nagarjunasagar reservoir into existing Srisailam reservoir on a seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Bank PHES137,000148Prakasam district16°5′51″N 78°55′51″EKrishna834650500425Buffer storage 17 tmcft provided. The minimum level to be maintained in Nagarjunasagar reservoir is 164 m msl. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.1 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Bank PHES2112,000448Prakasam district16°7′45″N 78°56′19″EKrishna21101650500425Buffer storage 55.5 tmcft provided. The minimum level to be maintained in Nagarjunasagar reservoir is 164 m msl. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Bank PHES366,000264Prakasam district16°10′7″N 78°55′35″EKrishna1159650500428Buffer storage 29.5 tmcft provided. The minimum level to be maintained in Nagarjunasagar reservoir is 164 m msl and the corresponding loss of live storage located below this level in Nagarjunasagar reservoir can be included in the buffer storage of PHESs. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.9 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond PHES1,5001.0Guntur district16°34′39″N 79°20′25″EKrishna--180164105Mainly works to pump water from existing Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond into existing Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir on a seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis.
Pulichintala Right Bank PHES3000.2Guntur district16°37′49″N 79°31′11″EKrishna-2757225Mainly works to pump water from existing Pulichintala reservoir into existing Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond on a seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis.
Vykuntapuram PHES4000.2Guntur district16°46′43″N 80°3′55″EKrishna--555025Mainly works to pump water from backwaters of new Vykuntapuram barrage across Krishna river upstream of Prakasam Barrage to existing Pulichintala reservoir on a seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis.
Jalaput PHES65,000260Visakhapatnam district18°26′53″N 82°28′11″ESileru-31.5838.4818.6380The PHES is constructed by connecting existing Jalaput reservoir with existing Balimela Reservoir (MDDL at 439 m msl, FRL at 462 m msl and live storage 95 tmcft) by a 13 km long unlined pressure tunnel/penstock with underground power station.[58]
Donkarayi PHES35,000140Visakhapatnam district17°54′47″N 81°51′45″ESileru202690075055013 tmcft buffer storage provided. The buffer storage can be enhanced by another 35 tmcft by increasing the FRL to 950 m msl to serve other PHES which are using Godavari water. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.7 km.
Bhupathipalem PHES8003.2East Godavari district17°28′35″N 81°47′49″EGodavari115404803100.5 tmcft buffer storage provided. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.5 km.
Polavaram Left bank PHES143,000172East Godavari district17°29′51″N 81°27′53″EGodavari518600450470The required 18 tmcft buffer storage is provided in other PHESs located in the Godavari river basin. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Polavaram Left bank PHES212,00048East Godavari district17°29′15″N 81°31′37″EGodavari24.5600450530The required 4.5 tmcft buffer storage is provided in other PHESs located in the Godavari river basin. The distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.7 km.
Rayalaseema PHES6,20024.8Chittoor district13°44′25″N 79°12′5″EPenna62.1610600550The main purpose of this PHES is to transfer Krishna and Godavari waters @ 50,000 cusecs to high lands of Rayalaseema with only one lift from 80 m msl 13°57′47″N 79°32′5″E near Venkatagiri town in Nellore district to the upper reservoir at 610 m msl in Chittoor district to irrigate by gravity canal vast high lands in Rayalaseema region up to Bhairivani tippa reservoir on Vedavathi River in Ananthapur district.[70] This underground power station will also work as PHES. PHES powerhouse is to be connected to a 41 km long unlined pressure tunnel which will work as penstocks to the turbine units.[58][71]
Total735,5502,900---4601225---

Notes: Power potential (MW) is in generation mode, MDDL→ Minimum Draw Down Level or lowest bed level of the reservoir, FRL→ Full Reservoir Level, m msl→ meters above mean sea level. The total water storage includes nearly 432 tmcft of irrigation components. PHES water storage is 793 tmcft only. The PHES land requirement is nearly 1% of the land required (41,250 km2) for equivalent electricity generation by Solar PV power plants.[54] The power potential doubles in case of pumping operation for six hours in a day for the same water storage.

Solar
Map of currently operating and proposed Solar power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
Nambulapulakunta
Nambulapulakunta
Vinukonda
Vinukonda
Kovvur
Kovvur
Galiveedu
Galiveedu
Pinnapuram
Pinnapuram
Nagalapuram
Nagalapuram
Kalyandurg
Kalyandurg
Nallapadu
Nallapadu
Jaggayapeta
Jaggayapeta
Nagarimadugu
Nagarimadugu
Map of currently operating and proposed Solar power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Green are currently Operating and blue are proposed.
See also: Solar power in India

The state is endowed with vast photovoltaic power potential on its marginally productive lands.[72] The state has total installed solar power capacity of 4,116.01 MW as of 30 June 2021.[38][73][74][75][76]

The state is planning to add 10,050 MW solar power capacity to provide power supply to farming sector during the day time.[77][78] Out of 10,050 MW, 6,400 MW capacity at 10 sites were offered for bidding. The winning tariffs are Rs 2.50 per unit which are at least 25% more than the earlier awarded tariffs of Rs 2 per unit in November 2020 even after reducing scope of work (no HV transmission line construction outside the solar park), state providing the land on lease, giving state guarantee for the timely payment for the power sold, allowing the state guarantee as security to get financial assistance at lower interest rates, disregarding higher solar power potential at these sites compared to Western and northern regions, etc.[79][80] The AP high court has stayed the award of contracts to the successful bidders on the grounds that these contracts are excluded from the jurisdiction of APERC in contravention of the electricity act, 2003.[81][82]

The state has offered five Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects with a total capacity of 12,200 MW to developers under renewable power export policy outside the state.[83][84][85][86][87]

NameOperatorLocationDistrictSectorInstalled Capacity (MW)
Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park[88]NTPCPinnapuramKurnool district central1,000
NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Power ProjectManyNambulapulakunta (Kadiri)Anantapur district central978
Ananthapuramu - II Mega Solar Park[89]APGENCOTalaricheruvuAnantapur district state400
Galiveedu Solar Park[90]Marrikommadinne, Galiveedu mandalKadapa district central400
Kadapa Ultra Mega Solar Park[91]ENGIEPonnampalle, Mylavaram mandalKadapa district state250
Amruth Solar Power Plant[92]Amrit Jal VenturesKadiriAnantapur district private1
MEIL solar thermal[93]Megha Engineering & Infrastructures LimitedNagalapuramAnantapur district50
Banaganapalle solarWelspunVemulapadu, Banaganapalle mandalKurnool district70
Hindupur solarACMEPatraganipalle, Hindupur mandalAnantapur district50
Yadiki solarAzure PowerVemulapadu, Yadiki mandalAnantapur district50
Kuppam solarACMEMorsanapalli, Kuppam mandalChittoor district Private 40
Parigi solarFirst SolarBeechiganipalle, Parigi mandalAnantapur district40
Mudasarlova Reservoir Solar ParkAPGENCOVisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam district state2
Simhadri floating solarNTPCVisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam district central25

Wind power
Map of currently operating and proposed Wind power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
Kolimigundla
Kolimigundla
Atmakur
Atmakur
Puthlur
Puthlur
Ramagiri
Ramagiri
Nallakonda
Nallakonda
Gandikota
Gandikota
Tirumala
Tirumala
Srisailam
Srisailam
Araku
Araku
Map of currently operating and proposed Wind power plants[94] in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
See also: Wind power in India

The state has total installed wind power capacity of 4,083.57 MW as on 30 June 2021.[38][73][74][95][96]

NameOperatorLocationDistrictSectorUnit wise Capacity (MW)Installed Capacity (MW)
Ramagiri Wind Mills[97]APGENCORamagiriAnantapurState10x0.22.00
Narmada Wind farm[98]CLP Wind Farms (India) Private Ltd.NallakondaAnantapurPrivate1 x 50.450.04
Puthlur RCI Wind farm[99]Wescare (India) Ltd.PuthlurAnantapurPrivate1 x 2020.00

Other utility power plants

In addition to above projects, there are nearly 103 MW small Hydro plants, nearly 490 MW bagasse, industrial & municipal waste, bio-mass co-generation, & bio-mass based power projects, nearly 78.79 mini power plants (grid connected) and nearly 67.20 MW other (grid connected) plants based on isolated gas wells, etc. in private sector.[38][37] These power plants are not covering captive power capacity in various industries that are not grid connected. In addition, there are innumerable diesel generator sets installed in the state for stand by supply and emergency power supply needs during power outages.

Transmission system
Per capita power generation[100]
Year Kwh/head
2014–15
1,040
2015–16
1,230
2016–17
1,319
2017–18
1,388
2018–19
1,480
2019–20
1,507
2020–21
1,434
2021–22
1,567
See also: Electricity sector in India § Electricity transmission and distribution

The state has well spread transmission system. APTransCo / DisComs owned and operated transmission lines from 400 kV to 11 kV is 231,127 circuit kilometers excluding the HT lines owned and operated by PGCIL in the state.[101][102] For importing and exporting power, the state grid is well interconnected with adjoining western and eastern regional grids in addition to adjoining state grids.[103] The spread of high voltage transmission lines (≥ 11 kV) is such that it can form a square matrix of area 1.93 km2 (i.e. on average, at least one HT line within 0.7 km vicinity) in 160,205 km2 total area of the state. DisComs owned and operated LT lines (below 11 kV) are 292,158 circuit kilometers. It represents that there is at least one HT or LT line availability on average within the vicinity of 306 meters in the entire state area. The state has 3183 nos substations (≥ 33 kV) which represents one substation in every 50.33 km2 area on average (i.e. one substation with in 3.6 km distance on average).[22] However the maximum peak load met is 9,453 MW as of 14 October 2018.[73] Huge installed capacity of the transmission network and the substations are being underutilized with low demand factor.

See also

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