Precision Drill Squad (Singapore)

Precision Drill Squad (PDS) is a form of exhibition drill practised in Singapore which involves the execution of rifle drills in complex series of movements with great co-ordination and precision. The natures of these drills exhibit a plethora of diversity; they may be sharp and quick, graceful and flowing, or include a wide variety of tossing and spinning techniques. During performances, performers move in unison through choreographed patterns with the rifles moving under their control, always synchronised with the rhythm of the music. Drills are executed without command and the only sound that is heard is the snap and pop of the rifles on every step, in perfect synchronisation and with precision.

An NCC PDS Performance

PDS is mainly performed and executed by the Singapore Armed Forces Military Police Command and a few privileged National Cadet Corps units, National Police Cadet Corps units and National Civil Defence Cadet Corps units in Singapore, usually at school events, inter-unit competitions or open houses.

Origin

PDS is derived from rifle exhibition drill, which originated from United States' various drill teams such as the Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon and have since spread to many other countries such as Norway, Australia, Slovenia and Taiwan. PDS is identical to the Silent Precision Drill Squad (SPDS) of the SAFMPC.

Introduced in 1984, SPDS is performed in the Changing of Guard Ceremony at the gates of the Istana on the first Sunday of every month and in major events like Singapore National Day Parades and Chingay Processions, and was adopted in its present form by the National Cadet Corps, where it is performed by NCC school units which have adopted PDS in their training syllabus by 1999, with an initial participation of only about 20 school units. Due to its rarity and difficulty, the element of PDS in NCC units and NPCC units is considered a great privilege.

Equipment

Rifles

The Lee–Enfield Mk IV

PDS is most commonly executed with either the 4 kg (8.8 lbs) Lee–Enfield Mk IV rifle, or the many variations of the Mk IV fiberglass or wooden replica rifles, which are 105.5 cm long, 3.2 cm thick at the muzzle, and weigh from 1.6 kg to 5.0 kg. Variations include the Performance rifle or the heavier Competition rifle. The dummy rifles are black by default, but come in various colours and designs to match the nature of the performance. Some versions include metal bases, tips or other additions to enhance the 'feel' of the performance. M-16 rifles are also sometimes used, and on occasion, with bayonets fixed.

Attire

The official attire for PDS stipulated by HQ NCC is the Smart No. 4 or Half No. 4 uniform for all cadets, although air or sea units are permitted to wear their respective No. 3 uniforms without badges. Since male cadets in Land units only receive their No.3 uniform upon graduation from the Cadet Officer Course, No. 3 uniforms are sometimes borrowed for the sake of performances. In this case, the No. 3 uniform is worn with white stable belts, white polyester laces and combat boots with trousers tucked into garters, in imitation of the Military Police No. 3 Uniform. Modified versions of the attire can be worn to increase the aesthetic appeal of the performance, notable examples being Half No. 4 with Jockey Cap, Half No. 3, No. 3 with Brassards labelled "PDS", "Precision Drill" or with ranks embroidered, also in imitation of the SAF Military Police No. 3 Uniform. White gloves can also be worn for performances.

Participating schools

These are the NCC units that are known to practise Precision Drill:

SchoolDistrictAchievement
Admiralty Secondary SchoolCentral
Ahmad Ibrahim Secondary SchoolCentral
Anglican High SchoolEastNational 4th (2010), National 3rd (2013), National 11th (2012, 2014), National 13th (2016)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)Sea
Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)West
Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)SeaNational 13th (2011), National 5th (2012), National 8th (2013), National 14th (2014), National Last (2015)
Ang Mo Kio Secondary SchoolAirNational 6th (2010), National 3rd (2011), National 17th (2012), National 9th (2013), National 6th (2010, 2014)
Anderson Secondary SchoolCentral
Bartley Secondary SchoolAir
Bartley Secondary SchoolEast
Beatty Secondary SchoolCentralNational 12th (2013), National 13th (2012, 2014), National Champions (2019)
Bedok Green Secondary SchoolEastNational 5th (2014)
Bedok South Secondary SchoolEast
Bedok View Secondary SchoolEastNational 8th (2012), National 10th (2023)
Bendemeer Secondary SchoolEast
Bukit Merah Secondary SchoolWest
Bukit Panjang Government High SchoolWestNational 10th (2012), National 4th (2013), National 3rd (2014), National 5th (2015, 2016)
Catholic High SchoolAirNational 16th (2014), National 12th (2015), National 2nd (2013, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2023)
Catholic High School Central
Chong Boon Secondary SchoolCentral
Chung Cheng High School (Main)East
Chung Cheng High School (Yishun)Air
Christ Church Secondary SchoolCentralNational 17th (2014)
Christ Church Secondary SchoolGirlsGirls 4th (2019)
Clementi Town Secondary SchoolWestNational Last (2013)
Crescent Girls' SchoolWestGirls 3rd (2015, 2016, 2017), Girls 2nd (2014, 2018, 2019), Girls Champions (2022, 2023)
Deyi Secondary SchoolCentralNational 12th (2011), National 9th (2012), National Champions (2017), National 3rd (2018)
Dunman Secondary SchoolAir
East Spring Secondary SchoolEast
Fairfield Methodist School (Secondary)WestNational 14th (2011), National 4th (2012), National 10th (2013), National 7th (2015), National 9th (2016), National 2nd (2014, 2022)
Fajar Secondary SchoolWest
Fuhua Secondary SchoolWest
Gan Eng Seng SchoolWest
Greendale Secondary SchoolAir
Guangyang Secondary SchoolCentral
Hillgrove Secondary SchoolAir
Holy Innocents High SchoolCentral
Hougang Secondary SchoolCentral
Hwa Chong InstitutionWestNational Champions (2010, 2013, 2014, 2015), National 6th (2016), National 2nd (2011, 2012, 2017)
Junyuan Secondary SchoolEastNational 6th (2013)
Jurong Secondary SchoolWest
Jurong West Secondary SchoolWest
Kranji Secondary SchoolWest
Manjusri Secondary SchoolEast
Mayflower Secondary SchoolCentralNational 21st (2012)
Montfort Secondary SchoolCentralNational 13th (2015)
Nan Hua High SchoolWestNational 7th (2012), National 8th (2014, 2015, 2016)
Naval Base Secondary SchoolCentral
Nan Chiau High SchoolCentralNational 3rd (2022), National Champions (2023)
New Town Secondary SchoolWestNational 19th (2012)
Ngee Ann Secondary SchoolEastNational 18th (2023)
Northbrooks Secondary SchoolCentralNational 18th (2012)
North Vista Secondary SchoolCentral
Pasir Ris Crest Secondary SchoolEastNational 5th (2010, 2013), National 6th (2015), National 7th (2016)
Pasir Ris Crest Secondary School (Girls)EastNational 12th (2012), Girls Champions (2014, 2015, 2016, 2019), Girls 3rd (2018, 2022), Girls 2nd (2017, 2023)
Pei Hwa Secondary SchoolCentralNational 9th (2023)
Peirce Secondary SchoolCentralNational 20th (2012), National 7th (2014), National 8th (2016)
Punggol Secondary SchoolCentral
Queenstown Secondary SchoolWest
Raffles Girls' SchoolCentralGirls Champions (2017, 2018), Girls 3rd (2014, 2019), Girls 2nd (2015, 2016, 2022)
Regent Secondary School (defunct)WestNational 19th (2014)
River Valley High SchoolWestNational 3rd (2023)
Sembawang Secondary SchoolSea
Sengkang Secondary SchoolCentralNational 4th (2019)
Serangoon Garden Secondary SchoolCentral
Springfield Secondary SchoolEastNational 14th (2012), National 3rd (2015), National 12th (2014, 2016)
St. Joseph's InstitutionAir
St. Joseph's InstitutionCentralNational 2nd (2010), National 4th (2011), National 15th (2012)
Tanjong Katong Secondary SchoolEastNational 5th (2011), National 3rd (2012), National 12th (2014), National 10th (2015), National 11th (2023)
Tanjong Katong Secondary SchoolSeaNational Last (2012), National 15th (2014), National 2nd (2015), National 10th (2016)
Temasek Secondary SchoolEastNational 6th (2012)
Unity Secondary SchoolAirNational 11th (2015)
Victoria SchoolEastNational 16th (2012)
West Spring Secondary SchoolWest
Woodgrove Secondary SchoolCentralNational 15th (2011)
Woodlands Secondary SchoolCentral
Woodlands Ring Secondary SchoolCentralNational 3rd (2017, 2019), National Champions (2016, 2018, 2022)
Xinmin Secondary SchoolCentral
Yishun Secondary SchoolCentralNational 4th (2014, 2015), National 3rd (2016)
Yishun Town Secondary School (defunct)CentralNational Champions (2011, 2012), National 9th (2014, 2015), National 4th (2016)
Yuying Secondary SchoolCentral

Centre of Excellence

The NCC PDS Centre of Excellence was set up to allow NCC units that wish to introduce Precision Drill as part of their training curriculum but do not have the necessary expertise may send their specialists and cadet officers for training at the centre. As a Centre of Excellence, the unit's Centre of Excellence Council is given the autonomous right to train key stakeholders of NCC units of other schools and issue them Basic PDS badges and patches on their course completion, the first unit awarded the title being Hwa Chong Institution in 2007.

List of Training Centers

To qualify as PDS training centre, the NCC school unit must, on a regular and yearly basis, conduct PDS training for different NCC units in their respective District.

Catholic High School

Hwa Chong Institution

Fairfield Methodist School (Secondary)

Anglican High School

Deyi Secondary School

NCC PDS Committee

The NCC PDS Committee was formed on 25 May 2012 by a group of PDS Auxiliary Instructors, intended to improve and maintain the standard and prestige of PDS in the National Cadet Corps. The PDS Committee assists HQ NCC in running the Basic PDS Certification and any other PDS-related HQ Courses.

Training courses

Basic Course and Certification

Cadets from NCC PDS units have the opportunity to attend the Basic PDS course, held at the NCC campus at Amoy Quee Camp or the five NCC PDS Training Centres quad-annually. During the 3-day course cadets are instructed in the execution of basic PDS drills, more commonly referred to as the basic 21 and the conduct of PDS Rifle Physical Training (PT). Cadets are tested based on two categories, Drill Execution and Presentation. Upon passing of the test, cadets will attain the Basic PDS badge, Basic PDS patch and a certificate. Units that include Basic PDS in their training syllabus may skip the course entirely and send their cadets for Basic PDS certification directly.

Auxiliary Instructor Course

Upon passing of a stringent selection test, outstanding cadets will have the privilege of attending the PDS Auxiliary Instructor Course. Cadets may enroll in the Enhanced PDS Auxiliary Instructor Course, held in HQ NCC (Amoy Quee Camp) and conducted by SPDS instructors from the SAF Military Police Command SPDS unit. The 5-day course will cover 7 advanced arm drills and train participants on the conduct of PDS as an instructor and cadets will be tested based on MOI (Method-of-Instruction), which is how the cadets teach the drills, and execution of the 7 Drills. Upon graduation from the course, these cadets are qualified to conduct PDS trainings in their respective school units, as well as attaining the PDS AI badge, the PDS AI patch and a certificate.

Inter-unit competition

The inaugural 1st NCC Silent Precision Drill Squad Competition was held on 12 June 2010, and has since been held annually at HQ NCC in Amoy Quee Camp, although it was held at SCAPE at Orchard in 2023. The Competition gives the various school units the opportunity to present their choreographing skill and drill standard, giving recognition to the best drill squads. Every year, the Challenge Trophy, the Golden Rifle, is entrusted to the winning team for a year. Should any team emerge as champions for three consecutive years, the Golden Rifle is theirs to keep. Hwa Chong Institution and Pasir Ris Crest Secondary School (Girls) remain as the only units to have achieved this.

The Competition includes an inspection of appearance and bearing and an evaluation of the squad's performance.

The following is the scoring criteria for the PDS competition:

Evaluation criteriaTotal points
Appearance and bearing20
Six basic drills40
Performance40
Total100

Penalties

A deduction of 5 points will be made for every cadet under the minimum squad size of 9, 2 points for boundary violations during the performance, 2 and 3 points respectively for slipping or dropping of rifles, and 1 point for every second the performance fails to meet the criteria of being restricted within 4 to 6 minutes in length.

List of champions

Boys' Category
Year of CompetitionUnit
2010Hwa Chong Institution
2011Yishun Town Secondary School
2012
2013Hwa Chong Institution
2014
2015
2016Woodlands Ring Secondary School
2017Deyi Secondary School
2018Woodlands Ring Secondary School
2019Beatty Secondary School
2020Competition cancelled due to COVID-19
2021
2022Woodlands Ring Secondary School
2023Nan Chiau High School
Girls' Category
Year of CompetitionUnit
2014Pasir Ris Crest Secondary School
2015
2016
2017Raffles Girls' School
2018
2019Pasir Ris Crest Secondary School
2020Competition cancelled due to COVID-19
2021
2022Crescent Girls' School
2023

Types of performance

PDS performances can be generally classified under two major types, Stage Performances and Field Performances.

Stage performances

PDS Stage performances are smaller-scaled performances, generally with 10–20 performers on stage. Unlike the larger-scaled Field Performances, stage performances usually include more spectacular, advanced PDS drills. Stage performances have also been known to include special lighting effects into its performances.

Field performances

PDS Field performances are the largest-scaled performances, generally with 28–40 performers on a grass field or courtyard. Unlike the smaller-scaled Stage Performances, Field Performances can be displayed to a significantly much larger crowd of spectators. Pyrotechnic devices such as sparks or fireworks could be included in its performances.

Drill syllabus

PDS drills can be classified into the Basic 21 (Marching Arm Drills, Salute Arm Drills, Dressing Arm Drills, Performance Arm Drills) and the Advanced 7. The Advanced 7 are taught during the PDS Auxiliary Instructor course. All drills are done in counts of 8 as a way to help choreographers synchronize with accompanying music.

The list of advanced drills is non-exhaustive, given the infinite possibility of drills that can be invented or modified for the purpose of performances, and many reflect increasing influence from the Rifle Exhibition Drill in the United States.

Slope and Order Drills

  • Vertical Slope Arm (4+1)
  • Vertical Order Arm (4+1)
  • Diagonal Slope Arm (6+1)
  • Diagonal Order Arm (4+1)

Marching Arm Drills

  • Slapping Arm (12+1)
  • Sungfoo Arm (14+1)
  • Double Right Turning Arm (18+1)
  • Slow Markal Arm (16+1)

Salute Arm Drills

  • 11-Step Salute (10+1)
  • Butt Salute (8+1)
  • Marine Salute (6+1)

Dressing Arm Drills

  • Popeye Arm (12+1)
  • Balancing Arm (16+1)
  • Pungfoo Arm (10+1)
  • Modified Seagull Arm (Chingay Seagull Arm) (14+1)
  • Momo Arm (10+1)

Performance Arm Drills

  • Dragon Arm (26+1)
  • Mortar Arm (18+1)
  • Pipa Arm (16+1)
  • Sea Games Arm (14+1)
  • Tamil Arm (12+1)

Outside of the Basic 21, there are some drills which have been removed from the syllabus but continue to be used in performances, both in their original as well as modified forms. Some examples include:

  • Original Momo Arm
  • Original Double Right Turning Arm
  • Original Dragon Toss Arm
  • Volvo Order Arm
  • Volvo Slope Arm
  • Right Turning Arm

AI 7 Drills

  • Impact Arm (12+1)
  • Ramesh Arm (18+1)
  • Tapping Arm (18+1)
  • Flipper Arm (22+1)
  • Dolphin Arm (20+1)
  • Champagne Arm (20+1)
  • Original Seagull Arm (30+1)

Created Drills

  • Flying Fish Arm
  • T3H
  • Tick Tocks

Fundamental Advanced Techniques

  • Rotation/One hand spin(Right/Left/Double Handed)
  • Tornado Toss
  • Vincent
  • Foot stop
  • AXP
  • Centino
  • Hawaiian
  • Jumbo

Tosses

  • Jumbo (Double/Triple/Quad/Quint)
  • AXP (Double/Triple/Quad/Quint) aka Lucifer
  • Saturn Exchange (Front/Back)
  • Jesus Toss
  • Taiwanese Toss
  • Continuum Toss

Flow Components

  • Rising Sun (Variant 1/2/3)
  • Exit (Single/Double/Triple)
  • Fireknife (Single/Double)
  • Crossplane
  • Continuum
  • Eclipse
  • Power Stop/Downtown
  • Hawaiian Punch
  • Neck Wrap

Hooks

  • J-Hook (Single/Double/Triple)
  • OTH J-Hook
  • M-Hook
  • AR Hook

Over The Head (OTH) Techniques

  • Helicopter
  • Heli Toss
  • Palm Spin

Ninjas

  • Front Ninja
  • Side Ninja
  • Back Ninja

Wrist Techniques

  • Flailing Rifle
  • Hell's Whip
  • Lightsaber
  • Jerk Spin Off
  • Wristbreaker

Crossplanes

  • Centino Crossplane
  • Tomahawk Crossplane
  • The Illinois Crew (TIC) Crossplane

Rolls

  • Side Palm Roll
  • Around The Neck Roll

Death (360° Turn) Techniques

  • Flying Floridian
  • Flying Hawaiian
  • Half Moon
  • Death Triple/Quad Jumbo
  • Death Continuum
  • Cointoss
  • 180° Continuum Cointoss
  • J-Hook Death
  • Palm Toss Death
  • Death Ground Knock

Performance videos

Many of the NCC units have filmed their exhilarating performances and are available for free viewing on YouTube under the channels 'National Cadet Corps', 'SgPDS(NCC)', 'HQ National Cadet Corps' and "NCC PDS". Within these channels viewers can learn the basic 21 PDS drills used by these school teams.

References

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