Presheaf (category theory)

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a presheaf on a category is a functor . If is the poset of open sets in a topological space, interpreted as a category, then one recovers the usual notion of presheaf on a topological space.

A morphism of presheaves is defined to be a natural transformation of functors. This makes the collection of all presheaves on into a category, and is an example of a functor category. It is often written as . A functor into is sometimes called a profunctor.

A presheaf that is naturally isomorphic to the contravariant hom-functor Hom(–, A) for some object A of C is called a representable presheaf.

Some authors refer to a functor as a -valued presheaf.[1]

Examples

Properties

  • When is a small category, the functor category is cartesian closed.
  • The poset of subobjects of form a Heyting algebra, whenever is an object of for small .
  • For any morphism of , the pullback functor of subobjects has a right adjoint, denoted , and a left adjoint, . These are the universal and existential quantifiers.
  • A locally small category embeds fully and faithfully into the category of set-valued presheaves via the Yoneda embedding which to every object of associates the hom functor .
  • The category admits small limits and small colimits.[2] See limit and colimit of presheaves for further discussion.
  • The density theorem states that every presheaf is a colimit of representable presheaves; in fact, is the colimit completion of (see #Universal property below.)

Universal property

The construction is called the colimit completion of C because of the following universal property:

Proposition[3]  Let C, D be categories and assume D admits small colimits. Then each functor factorizes as

where y is the Yoneda embedding and is a, unique up to isomorphism, colimit-preserving functor called the Yoneda extension of .

Proof: Given a presheaf F, by the density theorem, we can write where are objects in C. Then let which exists by assumption. Since is functorial, this determines the functor . Succinctly, is the left Kan extension of along y; hence, the name "Yoneda extension". To see commutes with small colimits, we show is a left-adjoint (to some functor). Define to be the functor given by: for each object M in D and each object U in C,

Then, for each object M in D, since by the Yoneda lemma, we have:

which is to say is a left-adjoint to .

The proposition yields several corollaries. For example, the proposition implies that the construction is functorial: i.e., each functor determines the functor .

Variants

A presheaf of spaces on an ∞-category C is a contravariant functor from C to the ∞-category of spaces (for example, the nerve of the category of CW-complexes.)[4] It is an ∞-category version of a presheaf of sets, as a "set" is replaced by a "space". The notion is used, among other things, in the ∞-category formulation of Yoneda's lemma that says: is fully faithful (here C can be just a simplicial set.)[5]

See also

Notes

  1. co-Yoneda lemma at the nLab
  2. Kashiwara & Schapira 2005, Corollary 2.4.3.
  3. Kashiwara & Schapira 2005, Proposition 2.7.1.
  4. Lurie, Definition 1.2.16.1.
  5. Lurie, Proposition 5.1.3.1.

References

  • Kashiwara, Masaki; Schapira, Pierre (2005). Categories and sheaves. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften. Vol. 332. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-27950-1.
  • Lurie, J. Higher Topos Theory.
  • Mac Lane, Saunders; Moerdijk, Ieke (1992). Sheaves in Geometry and Logic. Springer. ISBN 0-387-97710-4.

Further reading

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