President of the Supreme Federal Court
The President of the Supreme Federal Court is the highest-ranking officer of the Brazilian judiciary branch. The holder is also president of the National Council of Justice (CNJ).[1] Among their attributions are the representation of both the Court and the Council before the other branches of government and authorities, the presidency of plenary sessions of both institutions, enforce the Court and Council bylaws, the decision of points of order in both of its subjection to their respective floors, the decision of injuction during recess or vacation and swear in justices of the Supreme Court and councillors of CNJ.[2][3]
| President of the Supreme Federal Court | |
|---|---|
| Supreme Federal Court | |
| Style | Mr. President (informal) Your Excellency (within court) The Most Excellent Mr. President (formal) |
| Status | Chief justice |
| Member of | Federal judiciary National Council of Justice |
| Seat | Supreme Federal Court Building, Brasília, Federal District |
| Nominator | Members of the Supreme Court |
| Term length | Two years not renewable |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Brazil |
| Formation | 8 January 1829 |
| First holder | José Albano Fragoso (Supreme Court of Justice) Freitas Henriques (Supreme Federal Court) |
| Succession | Fourth |
| Salary | $39,293 BRL |
| Website | stf.jus.br |
The President and Vice President of the Supreme Court are elected by the other justices in a secret ballot, with minimum quorum of 8 justices, in a two-round system for a two years term, forbidden a re-election for a new term.[2] Usually, the justices vote in the senior one who didn't assumed the presidency, while they vote in the second senior justice in the same situation. The tradition present in most part of the republican history of the country is the election of the Vice President, after the end of the term, by their peers, to assume the presidency. The self-government and self determination of the Supreme Federal Court with regards of the choice of its President didn't exist in two historical periods: during the monarchy, the Emperor of Brazil appointed the President of the Supreme Court of Justice for a three years term, renewable;[4] under the Constitution of 1937, the President of Brazil appointed, for undetermined time, among the justice of the current composition, the President of the Court.[5][6]
The President of the Supreme Federal Court is the fourth in the Brazilian presidential line of succession and can hold the office of President of the Federal Senate in exceptional situations. The longest presidency was held by Hermínio do Espírito Santo for 13 years and 312 days, while the shortest was held by Leoni Ramos for 23 days.[6] The Presidents who appointed the most Presidents of the Supreme Court were Getúlio Vargas and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, with six appointments each. The current President is justice Luís Roberto Barroso since 28 September 2023.[7]
Presidents of the Supreme Court of Justice (1829–1891)
| No. | Portrait | Justice | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Appointer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | José Albano Fragoso (1768–1843) | 8 January 1829 | 5 January 1832 | 2 years, 362 days | Pedro I | |
| 2 | Lucas Antônio Monteiro de Barros, Viscount of Congonhas do Campo (1767–1851) | 5 January 1832 | 3 March 1842 | 10 years, 57 days | Permanent Triumviral Regency | |
| 3 | José Bernardo de Figueiredo (1769–1854) | 26 April 1842 | 13 October 1849 | 7 years, 170 days | Pedro II | |
| 4 | Francisco de Paula Pereira Duarte (1784–1855) | 17 October 1849 | 15 June 1855 | 5 years, 241 days | Pedro II | |
| 5 | Manuel Pinto Ribeiro Pereira de Sampaio (1780–1857) | 15 February 1856 | 27 September 1857 | 1 year, 224 days | Pedro II | |
| 6 | Joaquim José Pinheiro de Vasconcelos, Viscount of Monserrate (1799–1879) | 27 September 1857 | 5 February 1864 | 6 years, 131 days | Pedro II | |
| 7 | Joaquim Marcelino de Brito (1799–1879) | 5 February 1864 | 27 January 1879 | 14 years, 356 days | Pedro II | |
| 8 | João Antônio de Vasconcelos (1802–1880) | 1 February 1879 | 21 November 1880 | 1 year, 294 days | Pedro II | |
| 9 | Albino José Barbosa de Oliveira (1809–1889) | 27 November 1880 | 14 June 1882 | 1 year, 199 days | Pedro II | |
| 10 | Manuel de Jesus Valdetaro, Viscount of Valdetaro (1807–1897) | 14 June 1882 | 27 November 1886 | 4 years, 166 days | Pedro II | |
| 11 | João Evangelista de Negreiros, Viscount of Sabará (1817–1894) | 27 November 1886 | 26 February 1891 | 4 years, 91 days | Pedro II |
Presidents of the Supreme Federal Court (1891–present)
| No. | Portrait | Justice | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Appointer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freitas Henriques (1822–1903) | 28 February 1891 | 9 February 1894 | 2 years, 346 days | Deodoro da Fonseca (IND) | |
| 2 | Aquino e Castro (1828–1906) | 28 February 1894 | 10 August 1906 | 12 years, 163 days | Deodoro da Fonseca (IND) | |
| 3 | Piza e Almeida (1842–1908) | 18 August 1906 | 22 April 1908 | 1 year, 248 days | Deodoro da Fonseca (IND) | |
| 4 | Pindaíba de Matos (1831–1913) | 29 April 1908 | 26 December 1910 | 2 years, 241 days | Floriano Peixoto (IND) | |
| 5 | Hermínio do Espírito Santo (1842–1924) | 4 January 1911 | 11 November 1924 | 13 years, 312 days | Floriano Peixoto (IND) | |
| 6 | André Cavalcanti (1834–1927) | 14 November 1924 | 13 February 1927 | 2 years, 91 days | Prudente de Morais (PR Federal) | |
| 7 | Godofredo Cunha (1860–1936) | 22 February 1927 | 17 February 1931 | 3 years, 360 days | Nilo Peçanha (PRF) | |
| 8 | Leoni Ramos (1857–1931) | 25 February 1931 | 20 March 1931 | 23 days | Nilo Peçanha (PRF) | |
| 9 | Edmundo Lins (1863–1944) | 1 April 1931 | 15 November 1937 | 6 years, 228 days | Venceslau Brás (PR Mineiro) | |
| 10 | Bento de Faria (1876–1959) | 19 November 1937 | 18 November 1940 | 2 years, 365 days | Artur Bernardes (PR Mineiro) | |
| 11 | Eduardo Espínola (1875–1968) | 20 November 1940 | 24 May 1945 | 4 years, 185 days | Getúlio Vargas (IND) | |
| 12 | José Linhares (1886–1957) | 26 May 1945 | 31 January 1949 | 3 years, 250 days | Getúlio Vargas (IND) | |
| 13 | Laudo de Camargo (1881–1963) | 31 January 1949 | 24 April 1951 | 2 years, 83 days | Getúlio Vargas (IND) | |
| 14 | José Linhares (1886–1957) | 2 May 1951 | 30 January 1956 | 4 years, 273 days | Getúlio Vargas (IND) | |
| 15 | Orozimbo Nonato (1891–1974) | 30 January 1956 | 26 January 1960 | 3 years, 361 days | Getúlio Vargas (IND) | |
| 16 | Barros Barreto (1895–1969) | 29 January 1960 | 28 January 1962 | 1 year, 364 days | Getúlio Vargas (IND) | |
| 17 | Lafayette de Andrada (1900–1974) | 29 January 1962 | 10 December 1963 | 1 year, 315 days | José Linhares (IND) | |
| 18 | Ribeiro da Costa (1897–1967) | 11 December 1963 | 4 December 1966 | 2 years, 358 days | José Linhares (IND) | |
| 19 | Luís Gallotti (1904–1978) | 14 December 1966 | 11 December 1968 | 1 year, 363 days | Eurico Gaspar Dutra (PSD) | |
| 20 | Gonçalves de Oliveira (1910–1992) | 11 December 1968 | 18 January 1969 | 38 days | Juscelino Kubitschek (PSD) | |
| – | Luís Gallotti (1904–1978) Acting | 18 January 1969 | 10 February 1969 | 23 days | Eurico Gaspar Dutra (PSD) | |
| 21 | Oswaldo Trigueiro (1905–1989) | 10 February 1969 | 10 February 1971 | 2 years, 0 days | Castelo Branco (ARENA) | |
| 22 | Aliomar Baleeiro (1905–1978) | 10 February 1971 | 9 February 1973 | 1 year, 365 days | Castelo Branco (ARENA) | |
| 23 | Eló da Rocha (1907–1999) | 9 February 1973 | 14 February 1975 | 2 years, 5 days | Castelo Branco (ARENA) | |
| 24 | Djaci Falcão (1919–2012) | 14 February 1975 | 14 February 1977 | 2 years, 0 days | Castelo Branco (ARENA) | |
| 25 | Thompson Flores (1911–2001) | 14 February 1977 | 14 February 1979 | 2 years, 0 days | Costa e Silva (ARENA) | |
| 26 | Antônio Neder (1911–2003) | 14 February 1979 | 16 February 1981 | 2 years, 2 days | Emílio Garrastazu Médici (ARENA) | |
| 27 | Xavier de Albuquerque (1926–2015) | 16 February 1981 | 21 February 1983 | 2 years, 5 days | Emílio Garrastazu Médici (ARENA) | |
| 28 | Cordeiro Guerra (1916–1993) | 21 February 1983 | 25 February 1985 | 2 years, 4 days | Ernesto Geisel (ARENA) | |
| 29 | Moreira Alves (1933–2023) | 25 February 1985 | 2 March 1987 | 2 years, 5 days | Ernesto Geisel (ARENA) | |
| 30 | Rafael Mayer (1919–2013) | 2 March 1987 | 14 March 1989 | 2 years, 12 days | Ernesto Geisel (ARENA) | |
| 31 | Néri da Silveira (born 1932) | 14 March 1989 | 14 March 1991 | 2 years, 0 days | João Figueiredo (PDS) | |
| 32 | Aldir Passarinho (1921–2014) | 14 March 1991 | 22 April 1991 | 39 days | João Figueiredo (PDS) | |
| 33 | Sydney Sanches (born 1933) | 10 May 1991 | 13 May 1993 | 2 years, 3 days | João Figueiredo (PDS) | |
| 34 | Octavio Gallotti (born 1930) | 13 May 1993 | 17 May 1995 | 2 years, 4 days | João Figueiredo (PDS) | |
| 35 | Sepúlveda Pertence (1937–2023) | 17 May 1995 | 20 May 1997 | 1 year, 307 days | José Sarney (PMDB) | |
| 36 | Celso de Mello (born 1945) | 22 May 1997 | 27 May 1999 | 2 years, 5 days | José Sarney (PMDB) | |
| 37 | Carlos Velloso (born 1936) | 27 May 1999 | 31 May 2001 | 2 years, 4 days | Fernando Collor (PRN) | |
| 38 | Marco Aurélio Mello (born 1946) | 31 May 2001 | 5 June 2003 | 2 years, 5 days | Fernando Collor (PRN) | |
| 39 | Maurício Corrêa (1934–2012) | 5 June 2003 | 8 August 2004 | 1 year, 64 days | Itamar Franco (PMDB) | |
| 40 | Nelson Jobim (born 1946) | 20 August 2004 | 29 March 2006 | 1 year, 221 days | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) | |
| 41 | Ellen Gracie (born 1948) | 27 April 2006 | 23 April 2008 | 1 year, 362 days | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) | |
| 42 | Gilmar Mendes (born 1955) | 23 April 2008 | 23 April 2010 | 0 days | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) | |
| 43 | Cezar Peluso (born 1942) | 23 April 2010 | 19 April 2012 | 1 year, 362 days | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | |
| 44 | Ayres Britto (born 1942) | 19 April 2012 | 17 November 2012 | 212 days | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | |
| 45 | Joaquim Barbosa (born 1954) | 22 November 2012 | 31 July 2014 | 1 year, 251 days | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | |
| 46 | Ricardo Lewandowski (born 1948) | 10 September 2014 | 12 September 2016 | 2 years, 2 days | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | |
| 47 | Cármen Lúcia (born 1954) | 12 September 2016 | 13 September 2018 | 2 years, 1 day | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | |
| 48 | Dias Toffoli (born 1967) | 13 September 2018 | 10 September 2020 | 1 year, 363 days | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | |
| 49 | Luiz Fux (born 1953) | 10 September 2020 | 12 September 2022 | 2 years, 2 days | Dilma Rousseff (PT) | |
| 50 | Rosa Weber (born 1948) | 12 September 2022 | 28 September 2023 | 1 year, 16 days | Dilma Rousseff (PT) | |
| 51 | Luís Roberto Barroso (born 1958) | 28 September 2023 | Incumbent | 29 days | Dilma Rousseff (PT) |
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Timeline
References
- "Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, Artigo 103-B". Palácio do Planalto (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 October 1988. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- "Diário da Justiça" (PDF). Supremo Tribunal Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese) (205). 27 October 1980. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- "Presidência". Conselho Nacional de Justiça (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- "Lei de 18 de setembro de 1828". Palácio do Planalto (in Portuguese). 18 September 1828. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- "Decreto-Lei n° 2.770, de 11 de novembro de 1940". Câmara dos Deputados (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 November 1940. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- Celso de Mello (2012). "Notas sobre o Supremo Tribunal (Império e República)" (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Brasília: Supremo Tribunal Federal.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Boadle, Anthony; Gregorio, David (28 September 2023). "Brazil Supreme Court's new chief justice faces stormy ties with Congress". Reuters (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 29 September 2023.
Presidents of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil | ||
|---|---|---|
|  | |
Current Justices of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil | ||
|---|---|---|
| President | Luís Roberto Barroso (since 2013; President since 2023) |  STF headquarters in Brasília |
| Vice President | Edson Fachin (since 2015; Vice President since 2023) | |
| Other justices |
| |
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