Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: تركي الأول بن عبد العزيز آل سعود Turkī al ʾAwwal bin ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Suʿūd; 1900–1919) was the eldest son of the Emir of Nejd (later King Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia) and his second wife, Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair. He was his father's heir apparent from 1902 to 1919. Turki accompanied his father during the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula at a young age and witnessed battles in Kuwait and Al Hasa. He died in the 1918–19 flu pandemic, which also killed many others in the region. His younger brother Saud replaced him as heir apparent.

Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Photo of Prince Turki
Turki I bin Abdulaziz, 1910s
Crown Prince of Nejd
In office1902–1919
PredecessorPost established
SuccessorSaud bin Abdulaziz
MonarchAbdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman
Born1900 (1900)
Kuwait City, Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Died1919 (aged 18–19)
Riyadh, Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Spouse
  • Nuwair bint Obaid Al Rasheed
  • Muneera bint Obaid Al Rasheed
  • Fatimah bint Abdul Rahman Al Dakhil
  • Tarfa Al Muhanna
IssuePrince Faisal
Princess Hessa
Names
Turki I bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman
HouseAl Saud
FatherAbdulaziz, Emir of Nejd (later King of Saudi Arabia)
MotherWadha bint Muhammad Al Orair

Early life

Turki was the eldest son of Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman.[1][2] His mother was Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair, Abdulaziz's second wife.[3][4][5] She was the daughter of the chief of the Bani Khalid tribe, who ruled Al Hasa.[2] Abdulaziz and Wadha married in 1896.[6] Turki was born in Kuwait City in 1900 when his family was in exile there.[7][8]

Turki was the full-brother of the future King Saud.[9] His full sisters included Munira and Noura.[5][10]

Activities and succession
Prince Turki's father, King Abdulaziz (seated), and younger brothers King Faisal (left) and King Saud. Following Turki's death, Saud became the heir to their father.

Turki was crown prince beginning by his father's conquest of Riyadh on 15 January 1902 up to his death in 1919. He was the deputy of his father as commander-in-chief of the army until his death.[11] He commanded an army of 4000 warriors based in Qassim region.[12][13] He fought against Al Rashid forces and attempted to eliminate the leakage of supplies from the tribes to them.[8] In 1918, on the orders of his father, Turki initiated an attack against Al Rashid forces, known as the battle of Yatab, in which the Al Saud forces gained a victory.[8] When the British government invited Abdulaziz to visit London, he assigned Turki as his envoy.[14] However, Turki died in 1919, and Abdulaziz named another of his sons, Faisal, as envoy.[14]

Personal life

Turki's first wife Noweir bint Obaid Al Rasheed gave birth to his son Faisal bin Turki in 1920, a few months after Turki's death.[12][15] After the death of Turki, Princess Noweir married Turki's brother Saud, and they had a daughter, Al Anoud bint Saud.[16] Turki also had a daughter with his other wife Tarfa Al Muhanna, Hessa bint Turki, who was the wife of Abdulaziz bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz. Princess Tarfa and Prince Abdulaziz had two sons, Faisal and Turki.[17] Princess Hessa died in Riyadh at the age of 91 on 19 August 2007 and was buried in Al Oud cemetery.[18]

Two grandsons of Turki, the children of his son Faisal, served on the Allegiance Council: Turki bin Faisal,[19] (until his death on 28 February 2009)[20] and Abdullah bin Faisal (until his death in February 2019).[21]

Death

Prince Turki died in Riyadh in late 1919 during the flu pandemic that killed many others in the region.[12][22][23] American doctors went to Riyadh to treat him upon the request of his father, but their attempts did not save Prince Turki.[24] Abdulaziz was said to be deeply saddened by his death.[16]

Ancestry

References
  1. James Wynbrandt (2010). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia (2nd ed.). New York: Facts on File. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-8160-7876-9.
  2. George Kheirallah (1952). Arabia Reborn. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. p. 254. ISBN 9781258502010.
  3. Henri Lauzière (2000). On the Origins of Arab Monarchy: Political Culture, Historiography, and the Emergence of the Modern Kingdoms in Morocco and Saudi Arabia (PDF) (MA thesis). Simon Fraser University. p. 66. ISBN 9780612513877.
  4. "تحقيق سلسة نسب والدة الملك سعود بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود" [The achievements of the mother of King Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud] (in Arabic). March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  5. "Ibn Saud marries for a second time". Information Source. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  6. "Appendix A Chronology of the Life of Ibn Saud" (PDF). Springer: 197. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. Bernard Reich, ed. (1990). Political leaders of the contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A biographical dictionary. New York; Westport, CT; London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-313-26213-5.
  8. Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953 (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. pp. 256, 286–288.
  9. Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Harvard University. p. 528. ProQuest 303295482.
  10. Mai Yamani (January–March 2009). "From fragility to stability: A survival strategy for the Saudi monarchy". Contemporary Arab Affairs. 2 (1): 90–105. doi:10.1080/17550910802576114.
  11. "Ibn Saud's eldest son, Prince Turki, dies in influenza epidemic". Information Source. Archived from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
  12. Alexander Blay Bligh (1981). Succession to the throne in Saudi Arabia. Court Politics in the Twentieth Century (PhD thesis). Columbia University. pp. 44–45. ProQuest 303101806.
  13. Christoph Baumer (2021). "Lt Col Hamilton's 1917 Political Mission to Emir Abd Al Aziz Al Saud of Najd". Asian Affairs. 52: 11. doi:10.1080/03068374.2021.1878737. S2CID 232245475.
  14. Hassan Abedin (2003). Abdulaziz Al Saud and the great game in Arabia, 1896-1946 (PhD thesis). King's College. p. 146.
  15. George T. Fitzgerald (1983). Government administration in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (MA thesis). California State University, San Bernardino.
  16. "الملك سعود بن عبد العزيز" (in Arabic). King Saud website. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  17. "تركي بن عبدالعزيز ) 1318-1337 هـ )- 1900-1919 م )" (in Arabic). King Saud Official website. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  18. "Princess Hissah bint Turki dies". Sauress. 19 August 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  19. "King Abdullah names members of the Allegiance Commission". Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Washington D.C. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  20. "Political reforms and the succession dilemma in Saudi Arabia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  21. "Saudi succession developments" (PDF). Foreign Reports Inc. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  22. Mark Weston (2008). Prophets and Princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
  23. Jennifer Reed (2009). The Saudi Royal Family. New York: Chelsea House. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-4381-0476-8.
  24. G. D. Van Peursem (April 1936). "Guests of King Ibn Saud". The Muslim World. 26 (2): 113. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1936.tb00862.x.
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