Prince of Scotland

Prince and Great Steward of Scotland are two of the titles of the heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom. The current holder of these titles is Prince William, who bears the other Scottish titles of Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Lord of the Isles and Baron of Renfrew.

Arms of the Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland, Lord of the Isles' as used in Scotland, based on "His Royal Highness's Scottish Banner", designed in 1974 by Sir Iain Moncreiffe, Albany Herald:[1] Quarterly 1 & 4: Or, a fess chequy argent and azure (Great Steward of Scotland (arms of Clan Stewart)); 2 & 3: Argent, a galley sable (Lord of the Isles)[2] overall an inescutcheon of the royal arms of Scotland with a label of three points azure (Duke of Rothesay,[3] being the arms of the King of Scotland differenced for an eldest son).

Prince of Scotland

The title "Prince of Scotland" originated in a time when Scotland was a separate kingdom prior to entering a political union with England in 1707. The title was held by the heir apparent to the Scottish throne, in addition to his being Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Great Steward of Scotland. Before the English and Scottish crowns were united under James VI and I, sources indicate it was intended to be used in much the same way the title "Prince of Wales" was used to designate the heir apparent to the English throne, although the Scottish heir-apparent was addressed only as Duke of Rothesay until that time.

Principality of Scotland

The title originated from a charter granting the Principality of Scotland to the future James I of Scotland, the then heir apparent, on 10 December 1404, by Robert III. During the reign of James III, permanency was enacted to the title. The designation "Principality of Scotland" implied (and implies) not Scotland as a whole but lands in south-western Scotland, in areas such as Renfrewshire, Ayrshire and Kirkcudbrightshire, appropriated as patrimony of the sovereign's eldest son for his maintenance.

In modern times, the prince remains paramount superior in these lands (whilst the Crown serves this role in the rest of Scotland). The Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, however, abolished most remaining feudal duties and privileges attaching to the principality,[4] leaving the prince's status as mainly titular. Prior to the 2000 Act, the principality was entirely feued out to tenants and brought in a small income. All title deeds in Ayrshire and Renfrewshire are required to be sealed with the prince's seal. Revenue gained from feudal dealings were counted as income for the Duchy of Cornwall, a more substantial estate also held by the monarch's eldest son who is heir apparent.[5][6]

Great Steward
Arms of Stewart, Hereditary Grand Steward of Scotland: Or, a fess chequy argent and azure, adopted at the start of the age of heraldry, c.1200-1215. Part of the High Steward's role was managing the King's finances, the accounting for which was performed on a chequered cloth (as in the Exchequer in England) to help them count coins, hence the fess chequy

The Great Steward of Scotland, also known as the High Steward of Scotland, is an officer who controls the domestic affairs of a royal household. In the 12th century King David I of Scotland gave the title to Walter fitz Alan, a nobleman from Brittany, whose descendants adopted the surname "Steward", later "Stewart" and later founded the royal House of Stewart.[7] A junior branch of the Stewart family descended from the younger son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland (d.1283), namely "Stewart of Darnley", paternal ancestors of King James I & VI, lived for several generations in France, when the name became spelt in the French manner "Stuart" and "Dernelé".[8] In 1371 Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland inherited the throne of Scotland via his mother and became King Robert II of Scotland, when the title or office of High Steward of Scotland merged into the crown. However it was re-granted by the monarch to his elder son and heir apparent, together with the titles Duke of Rothesay (created 1398), Baron of Renfrew (created 1404), Earl of Carrick (created 1186) and Lord of the Isles (created c. 875). Thus, currently, the Prince of Wales is Great Steward of Scotland, sometimes known as the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.[9][10]

High Stewards of Scotland

Since 1398, title of Great Steward has always been held by the Duke of Rothesay.

Use of titles

Since James VI also became the King of England and Ireland in 1603, the titles have fallen from habitual use, the holder from then on usually also being Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Wales and Duke of Rothesay, which were preferred, and is now seldom referred to, except as the last in the conventional list of the Prince of Wales's titles.

Similar to the process of Crown consent, Parliament shall not debate whether a bill affecting (directly or by implication) the personal property or interests of the Prince and Great Steward of Scotland be passed or approved unless such consent to those provisions has been signified at a meeting of the Parliament. In the Scottish Parliament, such consent is signified by a member of the Scottish Government.[11]

When the sovereign had no son, there has been uncertainty as to who should bear and use the titles and enjoy the revenues of the principality. Both Mary, Queen of Scots, and George II of Great Britain used the titles and styles, but on the accession of George VI there was a difference between the opinion of the Lord Lyon and the advice given by the Scottish Lords of Appeal to the Garter King of Arms. The matter remains unresolved, but is unlikely to be of practical significance for some time.

References
  1. "Standards". Princeofwales.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  2. "The Scots Roll blazons the 1st and 4th quarters of the arms of the Earl of Ross as Or, a galley Sable surmounted by an eagle displayed Gules all within a double tressure flory counter-flory Gules, for the Lordship of the Isles (Heraldry Society of Scotland, Scots Roll". Heraldry-scotland.co.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  3. "The Heraldry Society of Scotland". Heraldry-scotland.co.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  4. section 58(1), Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000. legislation.gov.uk "This Act binds the Crown and accordingly such provision as is made by section 2 of this Act as respects feudal estates of dominium shall apply to the superiority of the Prince and Steward of Scotland and to the ultimate superiority of the Crown; but nothing in this Act shall be taken to supersede or impair any power exercisable by Her Majesty by virtue of Her prerogative"
  5. Professor Noel Cox. "THE ARMS OF THE GRAND STEWARD OF SCOTLAND" (PDF). Reocities.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  6. "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System" (PDF). Scotlawcom.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  7. Scott, Walter (1830). The History of Scotland. Carey & Lea. p. 219. Retrieved 2 December 2018. title of High Steward.
  8. Cust, Lady Elizabeth, Some Account of the Stuarts of Aubigny, in France, London, 1891
  9. Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. 2550. ISBN 9780192527479. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  10. Ertl, Alan W. (2013). Scotland's Road to Independence: The Makings of a State Identity. Universal-Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 9781612332864. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  11. "Chapter 9: Public Bill Procedures - Parliamentary Business : Scottish Parliament". Scottish.parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
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