Princess Gyeonghwa (Gongyang)

Princess Gyeonghwa (Hangul: 경화궁주 or 경화공주, Hanja: 敬和宮主 or 敬和公主) was a Goryeo Royal Princess as the third and youngest daughter of King Gongyang and Royal Consort Sun.[2][3] Following the establishment of the new Joseon dynasty, Princess Gyeonghwa became the last Goryeo Royal Princess (born from Queen)[4]

For other uses, see Gyeonghwa.
Princess Gyeonghwa
Princess of Goryeo
Reign1390–1392
Coronation1390
PredecessorPrincess Jeongsin[1]
SuccessorDynasty abolished
(Princess Gyeongsin as the first Princess of Joseon)
MonarchWang Yo, King Gongyang
Spouse
Gang Hoe-gye, Prince Jinwon
​
​
(m. 1391⁠–⁠1392)​
HouseHouse of Wang (by birth)
Jinju Gang (by marriage)
FatherGongyang of Goryeo
MotherRoyal Consort Sun of the Gyoha No clan
ReligionBuddhism

Biography

Early life

As a child, the Princess was raised by one of King Gongmin's widowed consorts, Lady Han, in her own house and because of this, Lady Han was given lands by the Princess's father, King Gongyang of Goryeo.[5]

Marriage

In 1390, she was honored as Princess Gyeonghwa (경화궁주, 敬和宮主) along with her sisters,[6] and married Gang Hoe-gye, Prince Jinwon (강회계 진원군) in August that same year.[7]

Gang Hoe-gye was the son of Gang Si (강시) from the Jinju Gang clan (진주 강씨, 晉州 姜氏), and also the younger brother of Gang Hoe-baek (강회백).[8] Gang become Prince Jinwon (진원군) in August[9] after his marriage with the Princess.

Aftermath

However, in July 1392, after Yi Seong-Gye's ascension to the throne and establishing a new dynasty, Gang was sentenced to death and was beheaded along with Woo Seong-beom (우성범), the Princess's second older brother-in-law.

Meanwhile, her father-in-law, Gang Si was ordered to be executed on 29 May 1397, but then later died on 13 November 1400 (2nd year reign of Jeongjong of Joseon) at the age 62 years old and given a posthumous name Gongmok (공목, 恭穆).[10] Meanwhile, all of her family (father, mother, sisters and brother) were exiled to Samcheok in 1394, but it was not said whether the Princess also got exiled or not. After the fall of the Goryeo Dynasty, the Princess's existence was unknown since there were no records left about her whereabouts.

Family
  • Father - Wang Yo, Gongyang of Goryeo (고려 공양왕) (9 March 1345 - 17 May 1394)
    • Grandfather - Wang Gyun, Internal Prince Jeongwon (정원부원군 왕균)[11]
    • Grandmother - Princess Boknyeong (복녕궁주)[12]
  • Mother - Royal Consort Sun of the Gyoha No clan (순비 노씨) (? - 1394)
    • Grandmother - Royal Consort Myeongui of the Hong clan (명의비 홍씨)
    • Grandfather - No Jin, Duke Jehyo (제효공 노진, 齊孝公 盧稹) (? - 1376)[13]
  • Sibling(s)
    • Older sister - Princess Suknyeong (숙녕궁주)
      • Brother-in-law - Wang Jib, Prince Ikcheon (익천군 왕집) (? - 1392)
    • Older sister - Princess Jeongshin (정신궁주) (? - 1421)
      • Brother-in-law - Woo Seong-beom, Prince Danyang (단양군 우성범, 禹成範) (? - 31 July 1392)
    • Brother - Wang Seok, Prince Jeongseong (정성군) (? - 1394)
      • Sister-in-law - Lady Lee of the Incheon Lee clan (인천 이씨, 仁川 李氏);[15] daughter of Lee Won-gwing, Prince Yeonsan (연산군 이원굉, 李元紘)
    • Unnamed brother (? - 1394)
  • Husband - Kang Hoe-gye, Prince Jinwon (진원군 강회계, 姜淮季) (? - 1392) — No issue.
    • Father-in-law - Kang Si (강시, 姜蓍) (1339 - 1400)

References
  1. Full 2nd older sister.
  2. "고려시대 史料 Database". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  3. 韓國女性關係資料集: 中世篇(中) [Collection of Korean Women's Relations: Middle Ages (Part 2)] (in Korean). Ehwa Womans University Press. 1985. p. 104. ISBN 9788973000432.
  4. "고려 34대 공양왕자식 - 경화궁주(敬和宮主)". Naver (in Korean). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  5. "고려시대 史料 Database". db.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  6. "고려시대 史料 Database". db.history.go.kr (in Chinese). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  7. "고려시대 史料 Database". db.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  8. Hoe-baek was the father of Gang Seok-deok, Internal Prince Jinyang (강석덕 진양부원군). Seok-deok was the son in-law of Sim-On, Internal Prince Cheongcheon (심온 청천부원군) who was the father of Queen Soheon, the primary wife of Sejong of Joseon.
  9. 《고려사》권45〈세가〉권45 - 공양왕 2년 8월 - 안종원 등을 관직에 임명하다
  10. 《조선왕조실록》태조 11권, 6년(1397 정축 / 명 홍무 30년) 5월 29일(경진) 2번째기사
  11. A 7th generation descendant of King Sinjong
  12. A great-granddaughter of King Chungryeol and Princess Jeongshi
  13. His mother, Princess Gyeongnyeong (경녕옹주; ? - 1335), was the youngest daughter of Royal Consort Sun of the Gongam Heo clan (now Yangcheon Heo clan) and Wang Hyeon, Duke Pyeongryang
  14. Her daughter eventually married Grand Prince Anpyeong who was the 5th child and 3rd son of Queen Soheon and King Sejong
  15. A 12th generation descendant of Lee Heo-gyeom who was the founder of the Incheon Lee clan
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