Prostoma graecense

Prostoma graecense
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nemertea
Class:	Enopla
Order:	Hoplonemertea
Family:	Prostomatidae
Genus:	Prostoma
Species:	P. graecense
Binomial name
	Prostoma graecense; (Böhmig, 1892)
Synonyms[1]
	Monopora lacustris (du Plessis, 1892) ; Prostoma jenningsi Gibson & Young, 1971 ; Prostoma rubrum (Leidy) ; Stichostemma graecense (Böhmig, 1892) ; Tetrastemma graecense Böhmig, 1893 ; Tetrastemma graecensis Böhmig, 1892 ; Tetrastemma lacustre du Plessis, 1892 ;

Prostoma graecense is a species of Nemertea in the family Prostomatidae.[2] It was once called Emea rubrum.[3] It is closely related to Prostoma eilhardi.[4] The species is distributed all across the world.

Characteristics

Individuals in this species can reach up to a length of 5 cm.[5] It is hermaphroditic and has 2 or 3 pairs of eyes.[6]

Occurrence

It is distributed all across the world.[3] However the authenticity of this is hard to tell. It has been reported in the continents of Europe, Africa, Asia, South America, Australia,[7] and North America.[4]

It has been reported in Japan, Russia, New Zealand, Kenya,[7] Venezuela, Argentina, and Mexico.[5] Genetic evidence indicates this species was introduced by humans.[8]

It is the only known species of fresh water Nemertea in Australia.[9]

It is rarely found in the United States.[3] But in the state of Connecticut it lives in freshwater habitats. Here it usually lives among algae, plants, or detritus. It is more numerous during the Fall season.[6]

References

"Prostoma graecense". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
"Prostoma graecense (Böhmig 1892) - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
Smith, Douglas Grant (2001-08-07). Pennak's Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea. John Wiley & Sons. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-471-35837-4.
Clifford, Hugh F. (1991). Aquatic Invertebrates of Alberta. University of Alberta. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-88864-234-9.
Damborenea, Cristina; Rogers, D. Christopher; Thorp, James H. (2020-06-26). Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Volume 5: Keys to Neotropical and Antarctic Fauna. Academic Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-12-804266-3.
Hammerson, Geoffrey A. (2004). Connecticut Wildlife: Biodiversity, Natural History, and Conservation. UPNE. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-58465-369-1.
Balian, E. V.; Lévêque, C.; Segers, H.; Martens, K. (2008-04-27). Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4020-8259-7.
Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher (2014-09-06). Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Ecology and General Biology. Elsevier. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-12-385027-0.
Williams, William David (1980). Australian Freshwater Life: The Invertebrates of Australian Inland Waters. Macmillan Education AU. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-333-29894-7.

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[1] "Prostoma graecense". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 17 September 2021.

[2] "Prostoma graecense (Böhmig 1892) - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2021-09-17.

[:0-3] Smith, Douglas Grant (2001-08-07). Pennak's Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea. John Wiley & Sons. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-471-35837-4.

[:3-4] Clifford, Hugh F. (1991). Aquatic Invertebrates of Alberta. University of Alberta. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-88864-234-9.

[:2-5] Damborenea, Cristina; Rogers, D. Christopher; Thorp, James H. (2020-06-26). Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Volume 5: Keys to Neotropical and Antarctic Fauna. Academic Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-12-804266-3.

[:4-6] Hammerson, Geoffrey A. (2004). Connecticut Wildlife: Biodiversity, Natural History, and Conservation. UPNE. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-58465-369-1.

[:1-7] Balian, E. V.; Lévêque, C.; Segers, H.; Martens, K. (2008-04-27). Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4020-8259-7.

[8] Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher (2014-09-06). Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Ecology and General Biology. Elsevier. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-12-385027-0.

[9] Williams, William David (1980). Australian Freshwater Life: The Invertebrates of Australian Inland Waters. Macmillan Education AU. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-333-29894-7.