Chrysaora colorata

Chrysaora colorata (Russell), commonly known as the purple-striped jelly, is a species of jellyfish that exists primarily off the coast of California from Bodega Bay to San Diego.[1] The bell (body) of the jellyfish is up to 70 cm (2.3 ft) in diameter, typically with a radial pattern of stripes. The tentacles vary with the age of the individual, consisting typically of eight marginal long dark arms, and four central frilly oral arms. It is closely studied by scientists due to not much being known about their eating habits.[2] A 15-foot-long specimen has been seen.[3]

Chrysaora colorata
A purple-striped jelly (Chrysaora colorata) on exhibit at Monterey Bay Aquarium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Pelagiidae
Genus: Chrysaora
Species:
C. colorata
Binomial name
Chrysaora colorata
(Russell, 1964)
Synonyms
  • Pelagia colorata

Often young Cancer crabs make home in the jellyfish and eat the parasitic amphipods that feed on and damage the jellyfish.[4] C. colorata are more active in a lively current, which makes it easier for them to move and capture their prey.[5]

Description

The purple striped jelly is also known as the purple-striped sea nettle.[6] When it is extremely young, it has a pinkish color and its tentacles are long and dark maroon. At the adult stage the dark maroon color of the tentacles starts to fade and the purple appears as stripes on the bell. At a young age, the adults' four frilly oral arms will become longer. When the jellyfish starts to get older the tentacles thicken and the purple stripes start to darken and the tentacles start to look pale, its oral arms like to disappear.

Diet

They are known to feed on a variety of organisms including zooplankton, Cladocera, Appendicularia, Copepoda, Hydromedusae, Siphonophorae, and fish eggs. When the prey touches a marginal tentacle, stingers are immediately discharged to paralyze prey and marginal tentacle bends inward to the nearest oral arm. The oral arm is used to transport prey to the gastrovascular cavity (GVC) and to catch motionless prey. The sting of this jellyfish is extremely painful to humans but is rare.

Its diet consists of zooplankton, including copepods, larval fish, ctenophores, salps, other jellies, and fish eggs.[4]

Predation

The C. colorata is primarily preyed upon by leatherback turtles. They are selected as prey due to the high concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in their four oral arms. They are particularly nutrient-dense during the post-upwelling season, which is when the leatherback concentration in the area is at its highest.[7]

References
  1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chrysaora colorata (Russell, 1964)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  2. The JelliesZone - Jellyfish & Other Gelatinous Zooplankton: Chrysaora colorata Archived 2008-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, accessed March 15, 2008
  3. https://www.uwphotographyguide.com/purple-jellyfish-underwater
  4. "Purple-striped jelly". Monterey Bay Aquarium. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  5. Skikne, S. A.; Sherlock, R. E.; Robison, B. H. (2009-12-01). "Uptake of dissolved organic matter by ephyrae of two species of scyphomedusae". Journal of Plankton Research. 31 (12): 1563–1570. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp088. ISSN 0142-7873.
  6. "Shedd Aquarium fact sheet" (PDF).
  7. Graham, T. R.; Harvey, J. T.; Benson, S. R.; Renfree, J. S.; Demer, D. A. (2010-08-24). "The acoustic identification and enumeration of scyphozoan jellyfish, prey for leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), off central California". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 67 (8): 1739–1748. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsq112. ISSN 1054-3139.
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