Purple Mountain Observatory

The Purple Mountain Observatory (Chinese: 紫金山天文台; pinyin: Zǐjīnshān Tiānwéntái), also known as Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on the Purple Mountain in the east of Nanjing.[lower-alpha 1]

Purple Mountain Observatory
Purple Mountain Observatory
Purple Mountain Observatory
Alternative namesCradle of Modern Astronomy
OrganizationChinese Academy of Sciences
Observatory code 330 Edit this on Wikidata
LocationXuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu
Coordinates32°03′54″N 118°49′47″E
Altitude267 m (876 ft)
Established1934
Websitewww.pmo.ac.cn
Telescopes
  • Hainan Island station Edit this on Wikidata
Purple Mountain Observatory is located in Nanjing
Purple Mountain Observatory
Location of Purple Mountain Observatory
  Related media on Commons

Description
The 60-cm Zeiss reflector at Nanking in 1930

The Purple Mountain Observatory was established in 1934 funded by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China and administered by Academia Sinica. The longtime director of the observatory from 1950 to 1984 was Chinese astronomer Zhang Yuzhe (张钰哲, 1902–1986, also known as Y. C. Chang).

By the late 1980s, increasing light pollution in Nanjing meant Purple Mountain was no longer viable as a working observatory. It has since shifted its focus to public education, with much of the actual scientific work being carried out in its five branch observatories located at Qinghai (in Delingha), Ganyu, Xuyi, Honghe (in Jiamusi), and Qingdao.

The Minor Planet Center credits the observatory, simply referred to as Nanking, with the discovery of 149 minor planets between 1955 and 1983, while the observatory's PMO NEO Survey Program is credited with more than 600 discoveries between 2006 and 2013.[1]

Discoveries

The observatory discovered the periodic comets 60P/Tsuchinshan and 62P/Tsuchinshan, as well as the non-periodic C/1977 V1 (Tsuchinshan), also known as Comet 1977 X, C/2017 E2, and C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS). They are named after the Wade–Giles transliteration of the name. Many asteroids were also discovered, including the Trojan asteroids 2223 Sarpedon, 2260 Neoptolemus, 2363 Cebriones, 2456 Palamedes, and the eponymous 3494 Purple Mountain.

Near-Earth object survey

The Chinese Near-Earth Object Survey (CNEOS), based at the Xuyi Station (D29) in Xuyi, Jiangsu,[2] started observations in 2006. It uses a 1:04=1:20=1:80 m Schmidt telescope equipped with a 4K × 4K CCD detector with the drift-scanning function.[3] As of August 2012, the program has observed 149,971 asteroids, found 1,279 new provisional designation asteroids, and cataloged 251 numbered asteroids including five Jupiter trojans, two Hildian, and one Phocaea asteroid. The program has also observed the position of 824 near-Earth objects (NEOs) and discovered four new ones: the Apollo asteroid (285339) 1999 JR6, and the three Amor asteroid (410195) 2007 RT147, (388567) 2007 QX14, and (468681) 2009 MZ6.[4][5]

List of discovered minor planets (1955–1983)
Minor planets discovered: 149 [1]
see § List of discovered minor planets

A total of 149 minor planets were discovered by the Purple Mountain Observatory between 1955 and 1983.[1]

1125 China30 October 1957list
1802 Zhang Heng9 October 1964list
1888 Zu Chong-Zhi9 November 1964list
1972 Yi Xing9 November 1964list
2012 Guo Shou-Jing9 October 1964list
2027 Shen Guo9 November 1964list
2045 Peking8 October 1964list
2077 Kiangsu18 December 1974list
2078 Nanking12 January 1975list
2085 Henan20 December 1965list
2162 Anhui30 January 1966list
2169 Taiwan9 November 1964list
2184 Fujian9 October 1964list
2185 Guangdong20 November 1965list
2197 Shanghai30 December 1965list
2209 Tianjin28 October 1978list
2215 Sichuan12 November 1964list
2223 Sarpedon4 October 1977list
2230 Yunnan29 October 1978list
2255 Qinghai3 November 1977list
2260 Neoptolemus26 November 1975list
2263 Shaanxi30 October 1978list
2336 Xinjiang26 November 1975list
2344 Xizang27 September 1979list
2355 Nei Monggol30 October 1978list
2363 Cebriones4 October 1977list
2380 Heilongjiang18 September 1965list
2387 Xi'an17 March 1975list
2398 Jilin24 October 1965list
2425 Shenzhen17 March 1975list
2456 Palamedes30 January 1966list
2503 Liaoning16 October 1965list
2505 Hebei31 October 1975list
2510 Shandong10 October 1979list
2514 Taiyuan8 October 1964list
2515 Gansu9 October 1964list
2539 Ningxia8 October 1964list
2547 Hubei9 October 1964list
2592 Hunan30 January 1966list
2617 Jiangxi26 November 1975list
2631 Zhejiang7 October 1980list
2632 Guizhou6 November 1980list
2655 Guangxi14 December 1974list
2693 Yan'an3 November 1977list
2719 Suzhou22 September 1965list
2729 Urumqi18 October 1979list
2743 Chengdu21 November 1965list
2752 Wu Chien-Shiung20 September 1965list
2778 Tangshan14 December 1979list
2789 Foshan6 December 1956list
2790 Needham19 October 1965list
2851 Harbin30 October 1978list
2886 Tinkaping20 December 1965list
2899 Runrun Shaw8 October 1964list
2903 Zhuhai23 October 1981list
2963 Chen Jiageng9 November 1964list
3011 Chongqing26 November 1978list
3014 Huangsushu11 October 1979list
3024 Hainan23 October 1981list
3028 Zhangguoxi9 October 1978list
3048 Guangzhou8 October 1964list
3051 Nantong19 December 1974list
3088 Jinxiuzhonghua24 October 1981list
3089 Oujianquan3 December 1981list
3136 Anshan18 November 1981list
3139 Shantou11 November 1980list
3171 Wangshouguan19 November 1979list
3187 Dalian10 October 1977list
3206 Wuhan13 November 1980list
3221 Changshi2 December 1981list
3239 Meizhou29 October 1978list
3241 Yeshuhua28 November 1978list
3297 Hong Kong26 November 1978list
3335 Quanzhou1 January 1966list
3340 Yinhai12 October 1979list
3388 Tsanghinchi21 December 1981list
3405 Daiwensai30 October 1964list
3421 Yangchenning26 November 1975list
3443 Leetsungdao26 September 1979list
3462 Zhouguangzhao25 October 1981list
3463 Kaokuen3 December 1981list
3476 Dongguan28 October 1978list
3494 Purple Mountain7 December 1980list
3502 Huangpu9 October 1964list
3509 Sanshui28 October 1978list
3513 Quqinyue16 October 1965list
3542 Tanjiazhen9 October 1964list
3543 Ningbo11 November 1964list
3556 Lixiaohua30 October 1964list
3560 Chenqian3 September 1980list
3570 Wuyeesun14 December 1979list
3609 Liloketai13 November 1980list
3611 Dabu20 December 1981list
3613 Kunlun10 November 1982list
3643 Tienchanglin29 October 1978list
3650 Kunming30 October 1978list
3678 Mongmanwai20 January 1966list
3704 Gaoshiqi20 December 1981list
3729 Yangzhou1 November 1983list
3746 Heyuan8 October 1964list
3763 Qianxuesen14 October 1980list
3812 Lidaksum11 January 1965list
3844 Lujiaxi30 January 1966list
3901 Nanjingdaxue7 April 1958list
3960 Chaliubieju20 January 1955list
4047 Chang'E8 October 1964list
4073 Ruianzhongxue23 October 1981list
4245 Nairc29 October 1981list
4273 Dunhuang29 October 1978list
4360 Xuyi9 October 1964list
4431 Holeungholee28 November 1978list
4562 Poleungkuk21 October 1979list
4566 Chaokuangpiu27 November 1981list
4651 Wongkwancheng31 October 1957list
4730 Xingmingzhou7 December 1980list
4913 Wangxuan20 September 1965list
4925 Zhoushan3 December 1981list
4988 Chushuho6 November 1980list
5013 Suzhousanzhong9 November 1964list
5045 Hoyin29 October 1978list
5198 Fongyunwah16 January 1975list
5217 Chaozhou13 February 1966list
5267 Zegmott13 February 1966list
5273 Peilisheng16 February 1982list
5389 Choikaiyau29 October 1981list
5390 Huichiming19 December 1981list
5537 Sanya9 October 1964list
5538 Luichewoo9 October 1964list
5539 Limporyen16 October 1965list
5709 Tamyeunleung12 October 1977list
5892 Milesdavis23 December 1981list
(6283) 1980 VX16 November 1980list
(6430) 1964 UP30 October 1964list
7811 Zhaojiuzhang23 February 1982list
(7920) 1981 XM23 December 1981list
8126 Chanwainam20 January 1966list
8256 Shenzhou25 October 1981list
(8981) 1964 YJ31 December 1964list
8992 Magnanimity14 October 1980list
9512 Feijunlong13 February 1966list
9517 Niehaisheng3 November 1977list
(9710) 1964 VN19 November 1964list
10017 Jaotsungi30 October 1978list
(10687) 1980 XX7 December 1980list
(11439) 1974 XW14 December 1974list
(12181) 1964 VL19 November 1964list
(15677) 1980 TZ514 October 1980list
(16350) 1964 VZ211 November 1964list
23408 Beijingaoyun12 October 1977list

List of discoveries by the PMO NEO Survey Program
PMO NEO Survey discoveries: 646 [1]
see § PMO NEO Survey

Several hundred minor planets were discovered by the observatory's PMO NEO Survey Program from 2006 to 2013.[1]

(168280) 2007 QR518 August 2007list
171448 Guchaohao11 September 2007list
175633 Yaoan9 October 2007list
185535 Gangda28 November 2007list
185538 Fangcheng14 December 2007list
185640 Sunyisui1 March 2008list
187707 Nandaxianlin2 March 2008list
187709 Fengduan3 March 2008list
188973 Siufaiwing3 March 2008list
192178 Lijieshou10 March 2007list
199947 Qaidam16 April 2007list
199953 Mingnaiben18 April 2007list
200002 Hehe6 May 2007list
200003 Aokeda19 May 2007list
202784 Gangkeda29 February 2008list
204836 Xiexiaosi16 August 2007list
204839 Suzhouyuanlin16 August 2007list
207681 Caiqiao16 August 2007list
207715 Muqinshuijiao11 September 2007list
207716 Wangxichan11 September 2007list
207723 Jiansanjiang11 September 2007list
(207755) 2007 SR617 September 2007list
207809 Wuzuze9 October 2007list
210210 Songjian16 August 2007list
210230 Linyuanpei11 September 2007list
210231 Wangdemin11 September 2007list
210232 Zhangjinqiu11 September 2007list
210292 Mayongsheng6 October 2007list
(212694) 2007 PT1112 August 2007list
212795 Fangjiancheng9 October 2007list
212796 Guoyonghuai9 October 2007list
212797 Lipei9 October 2007list
(214880) 2007 RP15711 September 2007list
214883 Yuanxikun11 September 2007list
(215021) 2009 BJ7126 January 2009list
(215023) 2009 BR7627 January 2009list
(216319) 2007 TY28610 October 2007list
(216331) 2007 VG1255 November 2007list
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(228158) 2009 SZ9619 September 2009list
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  • Gate of the Purple Mountain Observatory
    Gate of the Purple Mountain Observatory
  • Entrance at the Xuyi Station
    Entrance at the Xuyi Station
  • Telescope at Xuyi Station
    Telescope at Xuyi Station

See also

References
  1. As of 2016, the Minor Planet Center lists 532 discovered bodies by the PMO NEO Survey Program between 2006 and 2013. However, the MPC lists another 3 discoveries by the PMO Neo Survey Program for 2007. Minor Planet Center – Minor Planet Discoverers
  1. "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 11 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  2. "Xuyi Observation Station, Purple Mountain Observatory". Purple Mountain Observatory. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  3. Zhao, Haibin; et al. "The new NEO survey project - Chinese Near Earth Object Survey (CNEOS)" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Institute: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (2008 conference). Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  4. "Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) – A Chronology of Milestones – Page 2 (see Oct 2, 2006)". IAU (International Astronomical Union). Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  5. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2009 MZ6)" (2009-08-15 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
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