Quad (unit)
A quad is a unit of energy equal to 1015 (a short-scale quadrillion) BTU,[1] or 1.055×1018 joule (1.055 exajoules or EJ) in SI units.
| quad | |
|---|---|
 A Sankey diagram using quads. | |
| General information | |
| Unit of | energy |
| Symbol | quad |
| Conversions | |
| 1 quad in ... | ... is equal to ... |
| US customary units | 1015 BTU |
| SI | 1.055×1018 joule |
The unit is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. The global primary energy production in 2004 was 446 quad, equivalent to 471 EJ. [2]
Conversion
Some common types of an energy carrier approximately equal to 1 quad are:
- 8,007,000,000 gallons (US) of gasoline
- 293,071,000,000 kWh
- 293.07 terawatt-hours (TWh)
- 33.434 gigawatt-years (GWy)
- 36,000,000 tonnes of coal
- 970,434,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas
- 5,996,000,000 UK gallons of diesel oil
- 25,200,000 tonnes of oil
- 252,000,000 tonnes of TNT or five times the energy of the Tsar Bomba nuclear test
- 12.69 tonnes of uranium-235 (with 83.14 TJ/kg)
- 6 seconds of sunlight reaching Earth
References
- "Energy: Glossary". Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
- Energy Information Administration (2006-07-31). "World Consumption of Primary Energy by Energy Type and Selected Country". International Energy Annual 2004. Archived from the original (Excel spreadsheet) on November 9, 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
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