Quadrilateral group
The Quadrilateral group or the Quad is an informal group which includes the trade spokespersons of Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States. It was first suggested at a private meeting during the 7th G7 summit in July 1981. Initially, a trilateral group was proposed (excluding Canada) because of the tensions between the two North American countries at that time but eventually, the Canadian Government successfully lobbied to be included.[1] The European Commission has avoided formalizing the group because of resistance from the European Union members, particularly France, who resent their lack of direct involvement.[1]
List of Quadrilateral meetings
| Location | Date(s)[1] |
|---|---|
| Key Biscayne, Florida, United States | 15–16 January 1982 |
| Chateau d'Esclimont, France | 12–13 May 1982 |
| Tokyo, Japan | 11 February 1983 |
| Brussels, Belgium | 29 April 1983 |
| London, United Kingdom | 16–17 July 1983 |
| Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | 26–27 September 1983 |
| Islamorada, Florida, United States | 2–4 February 1984 |
| Erbach Im Reingau, Germany | 28–30 June 1984 |
| Kyoto, Japan | 9–11 February 1985 |
| Oba, Ontario, Canada | 11–14 July 1985 |
| San Diego, California, United States | 16–19 January 1986 |
| Sinta, Portugal | 4–7 September 1986 |
| Kashikojima, Japan | 24–26 April 1987 |
| Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada | 15–17 April 1988 |
| Brainerd, Minnesota, United States | 22–24 June 1988 |
| The Hague, Netherlands | 2–4 June 1989 |
| Hakonemachi, Japan | 12–14 November 1989 |
| Napa, California, United States | 2–4 May 1990 |
| St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada | 11–13 October 1990 |
| Angers, France | 12–14 September 1991 |
| Fukushima, Japan | 24–26 April 1992 |
| Cambridge, Ontario, Canada | 16–18 October 1992 |
| Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 12–14 May 1993 |
| Tokyo, Japan | 23–24 June 1993 |
| Los Angeles, California, United States | 9–11 September 1994 |
| Whistler, British Columbia, Canada | 3–5 May 1995 |
| Ripley Castle, Yorkshire, United Kingdom | 20–21 October 1995 |
| Kobe, Japan | 19–21 April 1996 |
| Seattle, Washington, United States | 26–28 September 1996 |
| Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 30 April–2 May 1997 |
| Versailles, France | 29–30 April 1998 |
| Tokyo, Japan | 11–12 May 1999 |
See also
References
- Cohn, Theodore H. (2002). Governing Global Trade: International institutions in conflict and convergence. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7546-1593-6.
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