Quad (figure skating)

The following table lists the first recorded quadruple jumps by male skaters in men's singles competition. Only successfully ratified jumps landed in an ISU sanctioned event, or officially recognized by the ISU count towards these records.

Men's singles
Abbr.	Jump	Skater	Nation	Event	Ref.
4T	Quad toe loop	Kurt Browning	Canada	1988 World Championships	[6][7][8]
4S	Quad Salchow	Timothy Goebel	United States	1998 Junior Grand Prix Final	[9]
4Lo	Quad loop	Yuzuru Hanyu	Japan	2016 Autumn Classic International	[10]
4F	Quad flip	Shoma Uno	Japan	2016 Team Challenge Cup	[11]
4Lz	Quad Lutz	Brandon Mroz	United States	2011 Colorado Springs Invitational	[12]
4A	Quad Axel	Ilia Malinin	United States	2022 CS U.S. Classic	[13]

Soviet skater Alexandre Fadeev was the first skater to attempt a quadruple jump (a quad toe loop) in competition, at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, but it was not officially recognized by the ISU because of a flawed landing.[14]

Canadian skater Kurt Browning (right), the first skater to land a quad in competition, pictured in 1989.

On March 25, 1988, at the 1988 World Championships in Budapest, Hungary, Canadian skater Kurt Browning landed the first ratified quadruple jump (a quad toe loop) in competition (with three turns on the landing).[6][7][8] Browning said: "I remember that there were a few people landing the jump (in practice) long before I did, and by watching them I was inspired to try it myself. After landing it, I certainly expected more skaters to start doing it in competition. I was surprised in the next few years when that really did not happen."[6]

At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, Chinese skater Zhang Min landed the first clean quad (a toe loop) in Olympic competition.

On March 7, 1998, at the 1997–98 Junior Grand Prix Final in Lausanne, Switzerland, American skater Timothy Goebel landed the first ratified quadruple Salchow, in combination with a double toe loop.[9][15]

On September 16, 2011, in the short program at the Colorado Springs Invitational, American skater Brandon Mroz landed the first ratified quad Lutz in a sanctioned competition.[16][17][18][19][12] On November 12, he landed a ratified quad Lutz at the NHK Trophy, becoming the first skater to successfully land a quad Lutz in international competition.[20]

On April 22, 2016, in the short program at the Team Challenge Cup in Spokane, United States, Japanese skater Shoma Uno landed the first ratified quadruple flip in competition.[11]

On September 30, 2016, in the short program at the Autumn Classic International in Montreal, Canada, Japanese skater Yuzuru Hanyu landed the first ratified quadruple loop (also known as the "Rittberger" in Europe) in competition.[10]

The first quadruple Axel attempt was by Russian skater Artur Dmitriev Jr. at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup. He landed forward and fell, receiving both a downgrade and fall deduction.[21] On September 14, 2022, in the free skate at the 2022 CS U.S. International Figure Skating Classic, American skater Ilia Malinin landed the first successful quadruple Axel in competition.[13] As of 2022, he is the only skater to successfully land the jump in competition.

No quadruple-quadruple combination (quadruple jumps followed by quadruple loop or toe loop) or sequences (quadruple jumps followed by any quadruple jumps except for quadruple loop or toe loop) have yet been ratified. However, other quadruple combinations have been performed. Canada's Elvis Stojko landed the first quadruple jump in combination (a quad toe loop-double toe loop) at the 1991 World Championships.[22] Stojko also landed the first quad-triple combination (a quad toe loop-triple toe loop) at the 1997–98 Champions Series Final in December 1997.[23] Russian skater Evgeni Plushenko performed the world's first quad-triple-double combination (a quad toe loop-triple toe loop-double loop) at the 1999 NHK Trophy.[15] Plushenko also landed the first quad-triple-triple combination (a quad toe loop-triple toe loop-triple loop) in competition at the 2002 Cup of Russia.[15] Japanese skater Yuzuru Hanyu landed the first quad-triple sequence (a quadruple toe loop-triple Axel) at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki.[24]

The following table lists the first recorded quadruple jumps by female skaters in women's singles competition. Only successfully ratified jumps landed in an ISU sanctioned event, or officially recognized by the ISU count towards these records.

Women's singles
Abbr.	Jump	Skater	Nation	Event	Ref.
4T	Quad toe loop	Alexandra Trusova	Russia	2018 World Junior Championships	[25]
4S	Quad Salchow	Miki Ando	Japan	2002 Junior Grand Prix Final	[26]
4Lo	Quad loop	None ratified
4F	Quad flip	Alexandra Trusova	Russia	2019 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final	[27]
4Lz	Quad Lutz	Alexandra Trusova	Russia	2018 JGP Armenia	[28]
4A	Quad Axel	None attempted

French skater Surya Bonaly was the first female skater to attempt a quadruple jump in competition. She attempted a quad toe loop and a quad Salchow at the 1990 European Championships, however the jumps were not ratified. She attempted quad jumps at four more competitions (including the 1992 Winter Olympics[29]), the final being the 1996 World Championships, but all were unsuccessful.

Japanese skater Miki Ando, first female skater to land a quad in competition, pictured at the 2009 World Championships.

On December 14, 2002, Japanese skater Miki Ando became the first female skater to land a ratified quadruple jump (a Salchow) in her free skate at the 2002 Junior Grand Prix Final in The Hague, Netherlands.[26]

On March 10, 2018, in the free skate at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria, Russian skater Alexandra Trusova became the first female skater to land a ratified quadruple toe loop in competition.[25] She also became the first female skater to successfully land two quads in one free skate.

Russian skater Alexandra Trusova was the first female skater to land a quadruple jump in combination (a quad toe loop-triple toe loop), at the ISU Junior Grand Prix in Lithuania in September 2018.

The first ratified quadruple Lutz was landed by Russian skater Anna Shcherbakova in a domestic event in October 2018.[15] On October 12, 2018, in the free skate at the Junior Grand Prix in Yerevan, Armenia, Alexandra Trusova landed the first ratified quadruple Lutz in international competition, becoming the first woman to land the jump.[15]

On December 7, 2019, in the free skate at the Grand Prix Final in Torino, Italy, Alexandra Trusova landed the first ratified quadruple flip in competition.[27]

In November 2021, Russian skater Adeliia Petrosian became the first female skater to attempt a quad loop in competition, at the 5th stage of Russian Cup qualifier, in combination with a double toe loop.[30] She landed the quad loop with a "q" call (underrotated) and tried a second quad loop but fell. At the 2022 Russian National Championships on the senior level in December 2021, Petrosian landed two clean quad loops (one in combination).[31] These were domestic events, since as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, all Russian and Belarusian skaters have been banned by the ISU since March 2022.

The first female skater landed a quadruple jump in Olympic competition at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Competing as a Russian Olympic Committee athlete, Kamila Valieva landed multiple quads during the team event free skate on February 7 and one quad in the women's singles free skate on February 17. However, she faces disqualification pending investigation into a doping violation from earlier in the season. Fellow Russian Olympic Committee skaters Alexandra Trusova and Anna Shcherbakova also landed quad jumps in the women's singles free skate.[29][32] At 2022 Winter Olympics, Anna Shcherbakova became the first woman (and the only woman as of Season 2022/23) to land a quad flip in combination with a triple jump (triple toeloop), also the first woman to land two quad flip jumps in one program. [33]

As of 2022, no female skater has attempted a quadruple Axel in competition.

Pairs
Abbr.	Jump	Skaters	Nation	Event	Ref.
4TW	Quad twist lift	Marina Cherkasova and Sergei Shakrai	Russia	1977 European Championships	[34]
4TTh	Throw quad toe loop	None ratified			[35]
4STh	Throw quad Salchow	Tiffany Vise and Derek Trent	United States	2007 Trophée Eric Bompard	[36]
4LoTh	Throw quad loop	None ratified			[35]
4FTh	Throw quad flip	None attempted
4LzTh	Throw quad Lutz	None ratified			[35]

In pair skating competition, Russian skaters Marina Cherkasova and Sergei Shakrai performed the first ever quadruple twist lift in competition during their free skate at the 1977 European Championships.[34]

At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, Chinese pairs skaters Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo became the first skaters to attempt a throw quadruple jump (a throw quad Salchow). She landed, then fell, and the jump was not ratified. On November 17, 2007, in the free skate at the Trophée Eric Bompard competition in Paris, France, American pairs skaters Tiffany Vise and Derek Trent landed the first ratified throw quadruple jump (a quad Salchow).[36] At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, Canadian pairs skaters Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford completed the first throw quadruple Salchow in Olympic competition.[37][38][39]

In 2004, Chinese pairs skaters Ding Yang and Ren Zhongfei attempted a throw quadruple toe loop at the Four Continents Championships; the landing was two-footed.

In 2015, Russian pairs skaters Yuko Kavaguti and Alexander Smirnov, at a domestic competition (1st stage of 2015 SPB Cup) became the first skaters to attempt a throw quadruple loop. The landing was two-footed, then she fell.[40] Later in 2015, Kavaguti and Smirnov performed a throw quadruple loop at the 2015 Cup of China, although the landing was two-footed.[41]

Also in 2015, Canadian pairs skaters Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford, at a domestic competition (2015 Souvenir Georges-Ethier), attempted the first throw quadruple Lutz, but she fell.