Agathis robusta

Agathis robusta is a large evergreen tree with a straight cylindrical trunk which can often reach a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft), and occasionally 50 m (160 ft).[6][7][8] The trunk is usually around 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) diameter at breast height (DBH), but occasionally may reach 3 m (9.8 ft).[6] The bark is orange-brown to grey-brown, smooth, but shedding in large flakes.[7][8][9][10]

The linear-elliptic leaves are up to 13 cm (5.1 in) long and 4 cm (1.6 in) wide,[7][8][9] with numerous fine parallel veins and no midrib.[8][9] They are carried on petioles measuring 3 to 10 mm (0.12 to 0.39 in) and are arranged in opposite pairs (rarely whorls of three) on the stem.[7][8][9]

The globose, green seed cones measure 8–13 cm (3.1–5.1 in) diameter with up to 440 scales, and mature in 18–20 months after pollination.[7][8][9] They disintegrate at maturity to release the seeds. The male (pollen) cones are cylindrical, 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long and 9 mm (0.35 in) diameter.[7][8][9]

The Queensland kauri was first described as Dammara robusta in 1859 by the German-born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller and published in the journal Quarterly Journal and Transactions of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria. In 1883 the Colonial Botanist of Queensland Frederick Manson Bailey published a paper in which he gave the species its current binomial name Agathis robusta.[3][4]

Agathis robusta occurs in three distinct locations — a southern population in southeast Queensland in the regions around Gympie, Maryborough, and K'gari (Fraser Island); another population in northeast Queensland in the regions from Ingham to Cooktown, including the Atherton Tablelands; and the third in New Guinea.[6][12] The north Queensland population was formerly recognised as Agathis palmerstonii, but is now considered to be synonymous with the southern grouping.[13]

The species grows in rainforest on well-drained soils of various types, at altitudes up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft) and where the rainfall is between 1,100 and 1,500 mm (43 and 59 in).[6][9]

The fruit of the Queensland kauri are eaten by sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita).[10]

Agathis robusta is listed by both the Queensland Department of Environment and Science and the IUCN as least concern. However, the IUCN assessment states that the "subspecies in Papua New Guinea has been assessed as Vulnerable" due to ongoing, albeit limited, logging.[1][2]

This tree produces a high quality timber which was used for a variety of purposes such as cabinetmaking, joinery, framing, and plywood. This led to it being heavily logged from the mid-19th century, with the result that the large stands of these trees which were once common are now gone, although many individual trees may still be found. Logging in north Queensland continued until the establishment of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage area in 1987.[9][6]

State-owned plantations of kauri were established in both north and south Queensland in the first half of the 20th century and met with varying degrees of success; however, today little more than 100 ha (250 acres) of plantation kauri exists.[6]

• 
  Specimen in the Cairns Botanic Gardens
• 
  Trunk
• 
  Near Freshwater Ck, Cairns
• 
  Foliage

• 
  Female and male cones
• 
  Scales and seeds from female cone
• 
  Seedling
• 
  Harvesting kauri logs, circa 1912

• Data related to Agathis robusta at Wikispecies
• Media related to Agathis robusta at Wikimedia Commons
• View a map of historical sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
• View observations of this species on iNaturalist
• View images of this species on Flickriver
• Agathis robusta at the Gymnosperm Database.