Quercus × turneri

Quercus × turneri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Quercus
Species:	Q. × turneri
Binomial name
	Quercus × turneri; Willd.[1]

Quercus × turneri (or Quercus turneri), known as Turner's oak, is a hybrid species of white oak native to Spain.[2] It is a naturally occurring hybrid of holm oak (Quercus ilex) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), found where their ranges overlap, but was first described from cultivation. A semi-evergreen tree of small to medium size with a rounded crown, it was originally raised at the Holloway Down Nursery of Spencer Turner, Leyton, Essex, UK, noted by the zoologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck at Trianon, Versailles in 1783, as the chêne de turnère.[3] (Turner had died in January 1776, and the nursery grounds, on extended lease, returned to the landowner.)[4] An early specimen was planted at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1798; it was uprooted in the Great Storm of 1987 but resettled in the ground and then increased its healthy growth.[5] Its 'Pseudoturneri' cultivar has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[6]

It is an intersectional hybrid. Quercus ilex is placed in subgenus Cerris, Quercus sect. Ilex. Quercus robur is placed in subgenus Quercus, Quercus sect. Quercus. [7]

References

Enum. Pl.: 975 (1809)
"Quercus × turneri Willd". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
Henry John Elwes, The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland, s.v. "Quercus", p. 1189.
Turner's will, PRO
"Kew: Plants: Turner's Oak, Quercus x turneri". Rbgkew.org.uk. 1987-10-16. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
"Quercus × turneri 'Pseudoturneri'". Retrieved 25 September 2020. Synonyms Quercus × hispanica 'Pseudoturneri' Quercus × pseudoturneri
Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Retrieved 2023-02-17.

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[1] Enum. Pl.: 975 (1809)

[296868-1-2] "Quercus × turneri Willd". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2020.

[3] Henry John Elwes, The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland, s.v. "Quercus", p. 1189.

[4] Turner's will, PRO

[5] "Kew: Plants: Turner's Oak, Quercus x turneri". Rbgkew.org.uk. 1987-10-16. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 2012-05-02.

[6] "Quercus × turneri 'Pseudoturneri'". Retrieved 25 September 2020. Synonyms Quercus × hispanica 'Pseudoturneri' Quercus × pseudoturneri

[7] Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Retrieved 2023-02-17.