Quirinus of Neuss

Quirinus is introduced into the legendary Acts of Sts. Pope Alexander I and Balbina, where it is said he was a tribune (Dufourcq, loc. cit., 175). He is said to have been decapitated in 116. Legends make him a Roman tribune who was ordered with executing Alexander, Eventius, and Theodolus, who had been arrested by order of Trajan.[3] However, after witnessing miracles performed by these three saints, Quirinus converted to Christianity and baptized by Alexander,[6] along with his daughter Balbina. [3]

Quirin was condemned to have his tongue, hands and feet cut off.[6] According to the popular legend, which is often represented in art, his tongue was offered to a falcon, but the bird refused to eat it: the Acts say nothing of it. The hands and feet were in like manner cast to dogs, and popular tradition adds that they refused to devour them. Afterwards he was drawn by oxen to the place of final execution where he was decapitated.[6] It is believed he was martyred on March 30, before being buried in the catacomb of Prætextatus on the Via Appia.

Reliquary holding Quirinus' relics. Neuss.

Ado took the name from these Acts and put it in his Martyrology under date of March 30, on which day it used to be found in the Roman Martyrology (Quentin, "Les martyrologes historiques", 490). The latest edition of the Roman Martyrology commemorates Saint Quirinus on April 30.

According to a document from Cologne dating from 1485, Quirinus' body was donated in 1050 by Pope Leo IX to an abbess of Neuss named Gepa (who is called a sister of the pope).[3] In this way the relics came to the Romanesque Church of St. Quirinus at Neuss (Quirinus-Münster) which still exists. A statue of Quirinus sits atop the church (which Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte attempted to plunder during the Napoleonic Wars[7]).

Inhabitants of that city invoked him for aid during Siege of Neuss by Charles the Bold that occurred in 1474–5.[2][3] His cult spread to Cologne, Alsace, Scandinavia, western Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy, where he became the patron saint of Correggio.[3] Numerous wells and springs were dedicated to him, and he was invoked against the bubonic plague, smallpox, and gout; he was also considered a patron saint of animals.[3] Pilgrims to Neuss sought the Quirinuswasser (Quirinus water) from the Quirinusbrunnen (Quirinus spring or pump-room).[7]

A farmers' saying associated with Quirinus' former feast day of March 30 was "Wie der Quirin, so der Sommer" ("As St. Quirinus' Day goes, so will the summer").[2]

Quirinus, along with Hubertus, Cornelius and Anthony, was venerated as one of the Four Holy Marshals ('Vier Marschälle Gottes) in the Rhineland.[2][8][9] Portraits of Quirinus and of St. Valentine appear at the top of the recto of the Nuremberg Chronicles (Folio CXXII [Geneva]).[10]

• Walter Bader: St Quirinus zu Neuss. 1955
• Josef Theodor Rath (1994). "Quirinus of Neuss". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 7. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1130–1131. ISBN 3-88309-048-4.
• Max Tauch: Quirinus von Neuss. 2000, ISBN 3-87909-692-9
• Helmut Wessels: Neuss und St. Quirin zu Fuß. 2004, ISBN 3-7616-1801-8, Engl. ISBN 3-7616-1956-1)
• Erich Wimmer: Quirinus von Neuss. in Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche (LThK) Bd. 8

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Quirinus of Neuss.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sts. Quirinus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
• San Quirino (in Italian)
• Quirinus von Rome (von Neuss) (in German)
• Quirinus of Neuss in the German National Library catalogue