Rașcov

Rașcov (Romanian; alternative names Râșcov, Rașcu; in Ukrainian: Рашків, Rashkiv, Russian: Рашково, Rashkovo, Polish Raszków) is one of the oldest communes of Transnistria. It is located in the northern part, between Rîbnița and Camenca. It is composed of two villages, Iantarnoe (Янтарне, Янтарное) and Rașcov.[1]

For the Ukrainian village that bears this name in Romanian, see Rashkiv.
Rașcov
Рашково
Commune
Rașcov is located in Moldova
Rașcov
Rașcov
Coordinates: 47°57′4″N 28°50′20″E
Country (de jure) Moldova
Country (de facto) Transnistria[lower-alpha 1]
Elevation
60 m (200 ft)
Population
 (2004)
2,003
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Juriewicz Palace in Rașcov (demolished)

History

Rașcov village was founded in 1402 as a trading post on the Dniester river. Some maintain that the name derives from the Romanian term for Lactarius deliciosus, a variety of mushroom. However, there are a number of settlements across Poland and Ukraine with the same name, casting doubt on this claim. Rashkov (Bulgarian: Рашков) is also a Bulgarian male surname.

One of the oldest villages of Transnistria, it is known for having been home in the past to a significant Polish population. From the 15th century, all of northern Transnistria was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania,[2][3][4][5][6] and later to the Polish Crown in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1793) which encouraged the migration of peasants into the territory from neighboring populated areas (from north and from west).

During the Middle Ages, the village hosted one of seven major fairs for the Dniester-Southern Bug area (the others being Mohuliv, Dubăsari, Yampil, Silibria, Yaruga, and Vasilcău). Before becoming part of the Russian Empire in 1793 during the second partition of Poland, the largest groups living between the Dniester and the Bug rivers were Moldavian, Ruthenian (Ukrainian) and Tatar peasants.[7]

Hasidic history

Raşcov was the home of Rabbi Jacob Joseph of Polonne, a leading Jewish Hasidic tzaddik and one of the first disciples of the founder of Hasidic Judaism, the Baal Shem Tov. His book, Toldos Yaacov Yosef, (published on 1780), was the first hasidic work ever published. His work is one of the foremost sources for saying of the Baal Shem Tov and members of his court, and Jacob Joseph quotes things he himself heard the Baal Shem Tov say in a section entitled "Words I Heard from My Master."[8]

Historic sites

Rașcov and the surrounding area is home to numerous historic monuments and architecture, among them the Polish Roman Catholic Saint Cajetan Church, considered a historical heritage.[9] It has recently undergone extensive renovation. The church was built when this part of Transnistria was a part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, with generous contributions by the Moldavian prince Petru Rareş.

Landscape

Outside Rașcov is located the Rascov National Park, an extensive natural landscape preserve, and an ecologically protected area.[10][11][12]

More recently, the Transnistrian separatist authorities have edited an Atlas of Transnistria, which refers to the area around Rașcov as the "Transnistrian Alps": Time, wind, and water have eroded the abrupt slopes near the village of Rașcov, having formed the limestone outliers, towering above the slopes.[13]

Notes
  1. Transnistria's political status is disputed. It considers itself to be an independent state, but this is not recognised by any UN member state. The Moldovan government and the international community consider Transnistria a part of Moldova's territory.

References
  1. Clasificatorul unităților administrativ-teritoriale al Republicii Moldova (CUATM) (in Romanian)
  2. George Reichersdorf: Moldaviæ quæ olim Daciæ pers, chorographia, Georgio a Reichersdorf Transilvano auctore, Viennæ 1541.
  3. Bronovius and Georg Werner: Transylvania, Moldavia and Chersonesus Tauricæ. Published by Arnold Mylius, Cologne, 1595.
  4. Antonio Bonfini (1434–1503): Rerum Ungaricarum decades quatuor cum dimidia
  5. Giovanni Botero (1540–1617): Relazioni universali, Venice, 1591
  6. Giovanni Antonio Magini (1555–1617): Geographie universae, Venice, 1596.
  7. Andrew Wilson: "The Ukrainians: Engaging the Eastern Diaspora" (Westview Press, 1998)
  8. https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Yaakov_Yosef_of_Polnoye
  9. "Kamenka, Wittgenstein's paradise > Visit PMR, Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica / Transnistria / Pridnestrovie". Visitpmr.com. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
  10. http://www.biotica-moldova.org/library/Shar_ro.pdf
  11. "Transnistria înainte şi acum - partea I". Oocities.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
  12. (in Romanian) Classification
  13. "Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism". Archived from the original on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2007-05-04.

47°57′N 28°50′E

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