Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia

Like most other cities in the region, Herne (ancient Haranni) was a tiny village until the 19th century. When the mining of coal (and possibly ore) and the production of coke (the fuel processed from the harvested coal) and steel began, the villages of the Ruhr area slowly grew into towns and cities because of the influx of people, mostly from the East (Germany as well as East-Prussia, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Poland and beyond, even Italy and Spain), looking for, and finding, work.

Herne is located on the direct axis between Bochum to the South and Recklinghausen to the North, with Münster yet further North; Gelsenkirchen lies to the West, and Castrop-Rauxel and Dortmund to the East. The physical border between Herne and Recklinghausen in fact is, and has been for a long time, the bridge at the Bochumer Strasse across the Rhine–Herne Canal (the south shore of the Canal is Herne, the North shore is Recklinghausen). A little further north of the canal flows the Emscher River, which was a major known location because of the former abundance of wild horses that were caught in the Emscher Valley (Emschertal), then sold and/or traded at the yearly horse market at Crange, which later developed into the "Cranger Kirmes", now a World renowned Fair and the largest family kermess in Germany.[3] After World War II Herne was known as "Die Goldene Stadt" (The Golden City) because of the comparatively limited damage suffered during World War II.

Present-day Herne includes the former settlements of Haranni, originating at the South end of the Bahnhofstrasse and just across the Evangelische Hauptkirche Herne (main Lutheran Church—seems to be called "Kreuzkirche" now) and the crossing of Sodingerstrasse, running to the East at that point, then turning into Wiescherstrasse; Haranni used to be somewhat hidden at about 9:40 hrs. In reference to the "Kreuzkirche", if you will, but seems to be totally obliterated, razed, eliminated, forgotten, the sole reference to Haranni [beautiful, old, quaint, small "timbered buildings"] seemingly resting with the very short "Harannistrasse". Herne, Wanne and Eickel as well as formerly independent settlements or villages like Baukau, Börnig, Crange, Horsthausen, Pöppinghausen, Sodingen et al. became the present Herne. Farms bearing these names were probably or possibly founded in the 11th and 12th centuries and were later integrated at one time or another into the city of Herne. In 1860 the first of a number of many coal mines started operating. In the following thirty years the population increased twentyfold. For the first time, Herne would be called a city. The same process took place in Wanne and Eickel, the two of which merged in 1926 to form the new city of ""Wanne-Eickel"" (German pronunciation: [ˈvanəˌʔaɪ̯kl̩] ^ⓘ). In 1975 Wanne-Eickel, by then a city with over 70,000 inhabitants, was incorporated into Herne, which had a population considerably larger than ""Wanne-Eickel"" at that point in time.

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  Herne, church
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  Baukau, castle: Schloss Strünkede
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  Baukau, chapel: Schlosskapelle Strünkede

The largest communities of migrants:

Turkey	10,130
Poland	2,139
Romania	1,865
Syria	1,140
Greece	1,066
Italy	792

A fair called Cranger Kirmes is held in the city's Crange district every first week of August. This is the second largest carnival in Germany with an average of around 4,500,000 visitors. Its origins can be traced back to the 15th century, when farmers started trading horses on Saint Lawrence's Day. That is why the official opening always takes place on the first Friday in August. The horse market tradition is kept up, by arranging a horse show and horse equipment sales at the same place where horses were traded years ago. Today there are about 500 stalls every year covering 111,000 square metres, meaning that it takes a 5 kilometre walk to see the whole fairground. Among other things you can buy sugared almonds and all kinds of other food, visit beer gardens, win prizes in shooting galleries or tombolas, or enjoy traditional and new rides like roundabouts, ghost trains and all sorts of high-tech delights. One of the main attractions is the 60-metre high big wheel that is the largest movable one in the world.

Famous Hernians or Wanne-Eickelians include

• Cigdem Akyol
• Yıldıray Baştürk
• Kurt Edelhagen
• Gudrun Heute-Bluhm
• Andrea Jürgens, Dr. Claudia Dollins (Geier)
• Jürgen von Manger (known as „Mr. Tegtmeier“, see Tegtmeiers Reisen)
• Jürgen Marcus
• Heinz Rühmann (few years)
• Bernd Storck
• Peavy Wagner, Leonie Saint and Bärbel Beuermann
• Gregor Willmes, musicologist
• Rudolf Witzig
• Jan Zweyer

Notable business

• Heitkamp BauHolding, founded 1892, specialized construction work in different construction business areas

Herne is home to several football clubs including SC Westfalia Herne, DSC Wanne-Eickel and SV Sodingen. It is well known for the women basketball team „Herner TC“. They won the German championship and cup in 2019. Herne-West is a mockery name of the football club Schalke 04, most commonly used by the fans of Borussia Dortmund.

Herne is twinned with:[5]

Media related to Herne at Wikimedia Commons

• Herne Notgeld (emergency banknotes) depicting the legend of "Der tolle Jost von Strünkede" webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/H/Herne.htm