SS De Grasse

SS De Grasse was a transatlantic liner built in 1921 by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead, United Kingdom for Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, and launched in February 1924. In August 1924 De Grasse set sail on her maiden voyage from Le Havre to New York. After the fall of France to Nazi Germany, the ship was used as a barracks ship. Sunk at Bordeaux, France, during the German retreat, she was refloated, repaired, and put back into service. Over the years, she became Empress of Australia and then Venezuela. She ran aground off Cannes, France, in 1962 and was scrapped at La Spezia, Italy.[3]

"RMS Empress of Australia (1924)" redirects here. For other ships, see Empress of Australia.
For other ships named "De Grasse", see de Grasse (disambiguation).

De Grasse in the 1950s, rebuilt with one funnel
History
Name
  • 1924–1953 De Grasse
  • 1953–1956 RMS Empress of Australia
  • 1956–1962 Venezuela
Owner
Operator1953: CP Steamships
Port of registry
Route1924: Le Havre – New York
BuilderCammell Laird, Birkenhead[1]
Yard number886
Laid down23 March 1920
Launched23 February 1924
CompletedAugust 1924
Maiden voyage21 August 1924
In service1924
Out of service1962
Identification
FateSank after ran aground, before scrap in 1962
General characteristics [2]
TypeOcean liner
Tonnage
  • 1924: 17,759 GRT
  • 1932: 18,359 GRT
  • 1947: 18,435 GRT
Length552.1 ft (168.3 m)[2]
Beam71.4 ft (21.8 m)
Depth42.3 ft (12.9 m)
Decks4
Propulsion
Speed17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)

History

CGT
Postcard of De Grasse as built, with two funnels (1924–1947)

Originally speculated ordered under the name Suffren, the ship was renamed after the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT) acquired the Brazilian ship Leopoldina. De Grasse was put into service in August 1924 between Le Havre and New York.[1] It was modernized in 1931.

At the start of World War II, it continued its crossings, but in a slightly militarized version (blocked portholes, light armament). In the spring of 1940, it was transformed into a troop transport. The ship was decommissioned in May 1940 at Bordeaux.[1] It was then used as a floating barracks ship for German soldiers and then as a base ship for Italian submariners (Italy had based more than twenty submarines a Bordeaux to support the Germans during the Battle of the Atlantic). Appearing as too dangerous a target after the first British bombardment on Bordeaux, the ship surrendered to the Vichy government in May 1942, which used it as a training ship.

The Germans partly sank it during their retreat in August 1944. It was refloated in August 1945 and sent to the Penhoët shipyards to be repaired and modernized (it lost a funnel during these transformations).[1] The ship was reassigned to the Le Havre to New York route while the CGT reconstituted a fleet.

Canadian Pacific
As RMS Empress of Australia

In 1953, De Grasse was sold to Canadian Pacific Steamships after the ship, RMS Empress of Canada caught fire and capsized. De Grasse was renamed in that same year to Empress of Australia. However, she did not serve Canadian Pacific for long as in 1956 the ship was sold to the Italian company Sicula Oceanica.[4]

Sicula Oceanica

In 1956, Empress of Australia was sold to Sicula Oceanica, and after a refit, the ship was renamed Venezuela and served the Naples to the Caribbean route. She had an uneventful career with her new owner.[4] In 1962, Venezuela was wrecked off Cannes. She was refloated but was broken up at La Spezia, Italy in August of the same year.[3]

Notable passengers

In April 1930 De Grasse transported Arturo Toscanini and the 114 members of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra from New York City to Le Havre on the outbound leg of the orchestra's first European tour.

In 1949, Jacqueline Bouvier travelled aboard De Grasse on a study abroad trip to Paris.[5]

See also

References
  1. "De Grasse (I)". The Great Ocean Liners.
  2. "SS. De Grasse". Relevant Search Scotland.
  3. "Brief Maritime History - De Grasse 1924". YouTube.
  4. Haworth, R.B. Miramar Ship Index: ID #1185887
  5. Mah, Anne (23 June 2019). "A Year in Paris That Transformed Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

Further reading
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