Rachel Cliff (politician)

Rachel Cliff (1806–1885) was one of two women to serve as an official delegate to the Philadelphia meeting of the 1855 Colored Convention, along with Elizabeth Armstrong.[1][2] She worked as a "janitrix", or janitress, in Philadelphia.[3]

For the Canadian long-distance runner, see Rachel Cliff (athlete).

Rachel Cliff
Born1806
New Jersey, U.S.
DiedJune 28, 1885
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationJanitress
Known forDelegate to 1855 Colored Convention
SpouseIsaac Cliff
Children1

Early life

Rachel Cliff was born in New Jersey, the home-state of both of her parents, in 1806.[4] She moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and married Isaac Cliff, a barber.[5]

Activism

Cliff was involved with the Colored Conventions Movement, a movement composed of free and fugitive African Americans that sought to advance African American rights in law, labor, and education.[6]

1855 Colored National Convention

Cliff was a delegate at the 1855 National Colored Convention in Philadelphia, one in a series of conventions comprising the Colored Conventions Movement. She was one of only two female delegates from Pennsylvania.[7] During the 1855 convention, delegates discussed the creation of an Industrial School for African Americans, heard a report from the Committee on Mechanical Branches among the Colored People of the Free States, and issued an address on behalf of those held in slavery.[7]

Personal life

Rachel Cliff had a son, John Cliff, in 1839 or 1840. Rachel Cliff was married to Isaac Cliff, who predeceased her.[3] Rachel was widowed some time before 1874, when she is listed in the Philadelphia City Directory as a "janitrix," a female janitor.[8] She was later listed as keeping house with two of her nephews, a musician and a waiter, in 1880.[9]

Death

Rachel Cliff died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 28, 1885, at the 24th Ward Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons and was interred on June 30 in Lebanon Cemetery.[10]

References
  1. "National Negro Convention Movement (1831-1864)". The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  2. "The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions, Rachel Cliff". Colored Convention Project (CCP). Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  3. "Rachel Cliff · 1855 Philadelphia National Colored Convention". Colored Conventions - Fringing 19th-Century Black Organizing to Digital Life. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  4. Ancestry.com. "Ancestry Library Edition". Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  5. Ancestry.com. "Ancestry Library Edition". Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  6. Colored Conventions. "About the Colored Conventions". Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  7. "Proceedings of the Colored National Convention". October 16–18, 1855. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  8. Ancestry.com. "Ancestry Library Edition". Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  9. Ancestry.com. "Ancestry Library Edition". Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  10. Ancestry.com. "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Death Certificates Index, 1803-1915". Retrieved April 26, 2014.
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