Radeon HD 8000 series

The Radeon HD 8000 series is a family of computer GPUs developed by AMD. AMD was initially rumored to release the family in the second quarter of 2013,[9][10][11] with the cards manufactured on a 28 nm process and making use of the improved Graphics Core Next architecture.[12] However the 8000 series turned out to be an OEM rebadge of the 7000 series (although Bonaire is a GCN 2.0 based chip, thus being of newer development).

AMD Radeon HD 8000 series (OEM)
AMD Radeon graphics logo
Release date2013
CodenameSouthern Islands
Sea Islands
Solar System
Richland
Kabini
ArchitectureTeraScale 2
TeraScale 3
GCN 1st gen
GCN 2nd gen
Transistors
  • 292M (Cedar) 40 nm
  • 370M (Caicos) 40 nm
  • 950M (Oland) 28 nm
  • 1.500M (Cape Verde) 28 nm
  • 2.080M (Bonaire) 28 nm
  • 2.800M (Pitcairn) 28 nm
  • 4.313M (Tahiti) 28 nm
  • 2 x 4.313M (Malta) 28 nm
Cards
Entry-level8350
8450
8470
8490
8570
8670
8730
Mid-range8750
8760
8770
8850
High-end8870
8950
8970
Enthusiast8990
API support
Direct3D
OpenCLOpenCL 2.1 (GCN version)
OpenGLOpenGL 4.5[2][3][4][5][6] OpenGL 4.6 (GCN only, Win 7+ and Adrenalin 18.4.1+) [7]
Vulkan
History
PredecessorRadeon HD 7000 series
SuccessorRadeon R5/R7/R9 200 series
Support status
Unsupported

Architecture

The Radeon HD 7000 series was launched in 2011 and it marked AMD's shift from VLIW (TeraScale) to RISC/SIMD architecture (Graphics Core Next). The highend-mainstream cards were equipped with GCN-based chips while some of the mid-low end ones were just rebranded TeraScale-based cards. All of the GCN-based chips were made using the 28 nm process, becoming the first chips ever to be based on that technology. The GCN-based chips for desktop cards were codenamed as Southern Islands, while the mobile ones (again, only the GCN-based and not the rebranded ones) were codenamed as Solar System.

Multi-monitor support

The AMD Eyefinity-branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 alongside the Radeon HD 5000 Series and have been present on all chips since then.[13]

Video acceleration

Both Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE) are present on all GCN-based chips (starting with the GCN 1.0 HD 7000 series). Both are fully supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver#ATI/AMD.

OpenCL (API)

OpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. OpenCL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all Chips with TeraScale and GCN Architecture. OpenCL 2.0 is supported with GCN 2nd Gen. or 1.2 and higher) [14] For OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 only Driver Updates are necessary with OpenCL 2.0 conformant Cards.

Vulkan (API)

API Vulkan 1.0 is supported for all with GCN Architecture. Vulkan 1.1 (GCN 2nd Gen. or 1.2 and higher) will be supported with actual drivers in 2018 (here only HD 8770).[14] On newer drivers Vulkan 1.1 on Windows and Linux is supported on all GCN-architecture based GPUs. Vulkan 1.2 is available with Adrenalin 20.1 and Linux Mesa 20.0 for GCN 2nd Gen. or higher.

Chipset table

Desktop models

  • Graphics Core Next (GCN) supports the Mantle API and Vulkan API
  • OpenGL 4.5 support for TeraScale 2 with AMD Crimson Beta (driver version 15.30 or higher)
  • OpenGL 4.5 and Vulkan 1.0 support for GCN 1.0 and higher with AMD Crimson 16.3 or higher.[15][16]
  • Vulkan 1.1 support for GCN 1.0 and higher with AMD Adrenalin 18.3.3 or higher.[17]
Model
(Codename)
Launch Architecture
(Fab)
Transistors
Die Size
Core Fillrate[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Processing power[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)
Memory[lower-alpha 5] TDP (W) Bus interface
Config[lower-alpha 6] Clock[lower-alpha 1] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Single Double Size (MiB) Bus type &
width (bit)
Clock (MHz) Band-
width (GB/s)
Idle
Max
Radeon
HD 8350
(Cedar)
January 8, 2013 TeraScale 2[lower-alpha 7]
(40 nm)
292×106
59 mm2
80:8:4 400650 3.2
5.2
1.6
2.6
104 256
512
DDR2
DDR3
64-bit
400
800

6.4
12.8

6.4
19.1
PCIe 2.1 ×16
Radeon
HD 8450
(Caicos)
January 8, 2013 370×106
67 mm2
160:8:4 625 5.0 2.5 200 512 DDR3
64-bit
533 8.53 9
18
Radeon
HD 8470
(Caicos)
January 8, 2013 750 6.0 3.0 240 1024 GDDR5
64-bit
800 25.6 9
35
Radeon
HD 8490
(Caicos)
July 23, 2013 875 7.0 3.5 280 1024 DDR3L
GDDR5
64-bit
800
900

12.8
28.8

9
35
Radeon
HD 8570
(Oland)
January 8, 2013 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)
950×106
77 mm2
384:24:8 730 19.2 6.4 560 35 2048 DDR3
GDDR5
128-bit
900
1150

28.8
72

12
66
PCIe 3.0 ×8
Radeon
HD 8670
(Oland)
January 8, 2013 1000 24 8 768 48 2048 GDDR5
128-bit
1150 72 16
86
Radeon
HD 8730
(Cape Verde LE)
September 5, 2013 1500×106
123 mm2
384:24:8 800 19.2 6.4 614.4 44.8 1024 GDDR5
128-bit
1125 72 10
47
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
HD 8760
(Cape Verde XT)
January 8, 2013 640:40:16 1000 40 16 1280 80 2048 GDDR5
128-bit
1125 72 16
80
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
HD 8770
(Bonaire XT)
September 2, 2013 GCN 2nd gen
(28 nm)
2080×106
160 mm2
896:56:16 1000 56.0 16.0 1792 128 2048 GDDR5
128-bit
1500 96 10
85
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
HD 8870
(Pitcairn XT)[18]
January 8, 2013 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)
2800×106
212 mm2
1280:80:32 1000 80 32 2560 160 2048 GDDR5
256-bit
1200 153.6 15
150
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
HD 8950
(Tahiti Pro)
January 8, 2013 4313×106
352 mm2
1792:112:32 850
925
95.2
103.6
27.2
29.6
3046.4
3315.2
761.6
828.8
3072 GDDR5
384-bit
1250 240 15
225
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
HD 8970
(Tahiti XT2)
January 8, 2013 2048:128:32 1000
1050
128.0
134.4
32
33.6
4096
4301
1024
1075
3072 GDDR5
384-bit
1500 288 15
250
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
HD 8990
(Malta)
April 24, 2013 4313×106
2× 352 mm2
2× 2048:128:32 950
1000
2× 128 2× 32 7782
8192
1946
2048
2× 3072 GDDR5
384-bit
1500 2× 288 15
375
PCIe 3.0 ×16
Model
(Codename)
Launch Architecture
(Fab)
Transistors
Die Size
Config[lower-alpha 6] Clock[lower-alpha 1] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Single Double Size (MiB) Bus type &
width (bit)
Clock (MHz) Band-
width (GB/s)
Idle
Max
Bus interface
Core Fillrate[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Processing power[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)
Memory[lower-alpha 5] TDP (W)
  1. Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  5. The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as with DDR memory.
  6. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
  7. Lacks hardware video encoder

Mobile Models

Model
(Codename)
Launch Architecture
(Fab)
Core Fillrate[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Processing power[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)
Memory[lower-alpha 5] TDP (W)
Config[lower-alpha 6] Clock[lower-alpha 1] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Size (GiB) Bus type &
width (bit)
Clock (MHz) Band-
width (GB/s)
Radeon
HD 8550M / 8630M
(Sun LE)
8 January 2013 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)
384:24:8 650
700
5.2
5.6
15.6
16.8
537.6 1 DDR3
64
900 14.4 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8570M / 8650M
(Sun Pro)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 650
700
5.2
5.6
15.6
16.8
537.6 1 GDDR5
64
1125 36 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8670M
(Mars XT)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 775
825
6.2
6.6
18.6
19.8
633.6 1 DDR3
64
900 14.4 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8690M
(Sun XT)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 775
825
6.2
6.6
18.6
19.8
633.6 1 GDDR5
64
1125 36 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8730M
(Mars LE)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 650
700
5.2
5.6
15.6
16.8
537.6 2 DDR3
128
1000 32 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8750M
(Mars Pro)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 620775
670825
4.96
6.6
14.88
19.8
514.56
633.6
2 DDR3
GDDR5
128
1000 32
64

Un­known
Radeon
HD 8770M
(Mars XT)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 775
825
6.2
6.6
18.6
19.8
633.6 2 GDDR5
128
1125 72 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8790M
(Mars XTX)
8 January 2013 384:24:8 850
900
6.8
7.2
20.4
21.6
691.2 2 GDDR5
128
1125 72 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8830M
(Venus LE)
8 January 2013 640:40:16 575
625
9.2
10
23
25
800 2 DDR3
128
1000 32 Un­known
Radeon
HD 8850M
(Venus Pro)
8 January 2013 640:40:16 575725
625775
9.2
12.4
23
31
800
992
2 DDR3
GDDR5
128
1000
1125

32
72

Un­known
Radeon
HD 8870M
(Venus XT)
8 January 2013 640:40:16 725
775
11.6
12.4
29
31
992 2 DDR3
GDDR5
128
1000
1125

32
72

Un­known
Radeon
HD 8970M
(Neptune XT)
8 January 2013 1280:80:32 850
900
27.2
28.8
68
72
2304 2
4
GDDR5
256
1200 153.6 100
  1. Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  5. The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as it is with other DDR memory.
  6. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units

Integrated Models

Model
(Codename)
Launch Architecture
(Fab)
APU Core config[lower-alpha 1] Clock rate Fillrate[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Memory Processing Power[lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)
TDP
Core
(MHz)
Memory (MHz) Pixel
(GP/s)
Texture
(GT/s)
Bus type Bus width (bit) Single
(boost)
Double
(boost)
Radeon
HD 8370D
(Scrapper)
19 March 2013 TeraScale 3[lower-alpha 5]
32 nm
A4-6300 128:8:4760System3.046.08DDR3128194.633Un­known
Radeon
HD 8470D
(Scrapper)
19 March 2013 A6-6400 192:12:4800System3.209.60DDR3128307.2YesUn­known
Radeon
HD 8570D
(Devastator)
19 March 2013 A8-6500
A8-6600K
256:16:8800
844
System6.4012.8DDR3128432.1YesUn­known
Radeon
HD 8670D
(Devastator)
19 March 2013 A10-6700
A10-6800K
384:24:8844System6.7520.3DDR3128648.2YesUn­known
Radeon
HD 8310G
TeraScale 3[lower-alpha 5]
32 nm
A4-5145M 128:8:4424
(554)
SystemDDR3L128Un­knownUn­known
Radeon
HD 8350G
19 March 2013 A4-5150M 128:8:4514
(720)
System2.064.11DDR3L128131.6 (184.3)32.9Un­known
Radeon
HD 8410G
(Scrapper)
May 2013 A6-5345M 192:24:4450
(600)
System1.8010.80DDR3L128172.8 (230.4)Un­knownUn­known
Radeon
HD 8450G
(Scrapper)
23 May 2013 A6-535xM 192:12:4533
(720)
16002.1717.33DDR3L128204.7 (276.5)Un­known35W
Radeon
HD 8510G
(Scrapper)
May 2013 A8-5545M 384:48:8450
(554)
System3.6021.60DDR3L128351.9 (425.5)Un­known19W
Radeon
HD 8550G
Devastator
19 March 2013 A8-555xM 256:16:8515
(720)
System4.128.24DDR3L128263.7 (368.6)Un­knownUn­known
Radeon
HD 8610G
Devastator
May 2013 A10-5745M 384:24:8533
(626)
SystemDDR3L128409.3 (489.8)Un­knownUn­known
Radeon
HD 8650G
Devastator
19 March 2013 A10-575xM 384:24:8533
(720)
System4.2612.8DDR3L128409.3 (553.0)Un­knownUn­known
  1. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
  2. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  3. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  5. Lacks hardware video encoder

Radeon Feature Matrix

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage 128 R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands
Southern
Islands
Sea
Islands
Volcanic
Islands
Arctic
Islands
/Polaris
Vega Navi 1x Navi 2x Navi 3x
Released 1986 1991 Apr
1996
Mar
1997
Aug
1998
Apr
2000
Aug
2001
Sep
2002
May
2004
Oct
2005
May
2007
Nov
2007
Jun
2008
Sep
2009
Oct
2010
Jan
2012
Sep
2013
Jun
2015
Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 Jun 2017, Feb 2019 Jul
2019
Nov
2020
Dec
2022
Marketing Name Wonder Mach 3D
Rage
Rage
Pro
Rage
128
Radeon
7000
Radeon
8000
Radeon
9000
Radeon
X700/X800
Radeon
X1000
Radeon
HD 2000
Radeon
HD 3000
Radeon
HD 4000
Radeon
HD 5000
Radeon
HD 6000
Radeon
HD 7000
Radeon
200
Radeon
300
Radeon
400/500/600
Radeon
RX Vega, Radeon VII
Radeon
RX 5000
Radeon
RX 6000
Radeon
RX 7000
AMD support Ended Current
Kind 2D 3D
Instruction set architecture Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture TeraScale 1
(VLIW)
TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)
TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)

up to 68xx
TeraScale 3
(VLIW4)

in 69xx [19][20]
GCN 1st
gen
GCN 2nd
gen
GCN 3rd
gen
GCN 4th
gen
GCN 5th
gen
RDNA RDNA 2 RDNA 3
Type Fixed pipeline[lower-alpha 1] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model
Direct3D 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.1 9.0
11 (9_2)
9.0b
11 (9_2)
9.0c
11 (9_3)
10.0
11 (10_0)
10.1
11 (10_1)
11 (11_0) 11 (11_1)
12 (11_1)
11 (12_0)
12 (12_0)
11 (12_1)
12 (12_1)
11 (12_1)
12 (12_2)
Shader model 1.4 2.0+ 2.0b 3.0 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.1
6.5
6.7
OpenGL 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1[lower-alpha 2][21] 3.3 4.5 (on Linux: 4.5 (Mesa 3D 21.0))[22][23][24][lower-alpha 3] 4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 3D 20.0))
Vulkan 1.0
(Win 7+ or Mesa 17+)
1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1.2, Linux Mesa 3D 20.0)
1.3 (GCN 4 and above (with Adrenalin 22.1.2, Mesa 22.0))
1.3
OpenCL Close to Metal 1.1 (no Mesa 3D support) 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa 3D, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux ROCM, Linux Mesa 3D 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa 3D, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+
2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa 3D rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip)) [25] [26][27]
HSA / ROCm Yes ?
Video decoding ASIC Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7 [28][lower-alpha 4] VCN 2.0 [28][lower-alpha 4] VCN 3.0 [29] VCN 4.0
Video encoding ASIC VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0 [28][lower-alpha 4]
Fluid Motion [lower-alpha 5] No Yes No ?
Power saving ? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power ?
TrueAudio Via dedicated DSP Via shaders
FreeSync 1
2
HDCP[lower-alpha 6] ? 1.4 2.2 2.3 [30]
PlayReady[lower-alpha 6] 3.0 No 3.0
Supported displays[lower-alpha 7] 1–2 2 2–6 ?
Max. resolution ? 2–6 ×
2560×1600
2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 30 Hz
2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz
3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [31]

7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor
7680x4320

@165 HZ

/drm/radeon[lower-alpha 8] Yes
/drm/amdgpu[lower-alpha 8] Experimental [32] Yes
  1. The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
  2. R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
  3. OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
  4. The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
  5. Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
  6. To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  7. More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
  8. DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

See also

References

  1. "AMD Catalyst 15.7.1 Driver for Windows® Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  2. "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  3. "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.3 Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  4. "AMDGPU-PRO Driver for Linux Release Notes". 2017. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  5. "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  6. "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  7. JeGX (May 2018). "AMD Adrenalin 18.4.1 Graphics Driver Released (OpenGL 4.6, Vulkan 1.1.70)". Geeks3D. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  8. "AMD Open Source Driver for Vulkan". GPUOpen. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  9. "AMD's 2012 - 2013 Client CPU/GPU/APU Roadmap Revealed". AnandTech. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  10. "AMD Sea Islands HD 8850 and 8870 Specifications Leaked". 18 September 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  11. "Details Leak on AMD's Sea Islands HD 8900 Series Graphics Cards - PC Perspective". pcper.com. 21 September 2012.
  12. AMD Reiterates 2013 GPU Plans: Sea Islands & Beyond - Anandtech, 15 Feb 2013
  13. "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  14. "The Khronos Group". 18 August 2022.
  15. JeGX (10 March 2016). "AMD Crimson 16.3 Graphics Driver Available with Vulkan Support". Geeks3D. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  16. AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.3 amd.com
  17. "Radeon™ Software Adrenalin Edition 18.3.3 Release Notes". AMD. 21 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  18. "Product info" (PDF). www.amd.com.
  19. "AMD Radeon HD 6900 (AMD Cayman) series graphics cards". HWlab. hw-lab.com. 19 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022. New VLIW4 architecture of stream processors allowed to save area of each SIMD by 10%, while performing the same compared to previous VLIW5 architecture
  20. "GPU Specs Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  21. "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  22. "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  23. "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  24. "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  25. "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  26. "AMD Launches The Radeon PRO W7500/W7600 RDNA3 GPUs". Phoronix. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  27. "AMD Radeon Pro 5600M Grafikkarte". TopCPU.net (in German). Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  28. Killian, Zak (22 March 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  29. Larabel, Michael (15 September 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  30. Edmonds, Rich (4 February 2022). "ASUS Dual RX 6600 GPU review: Rock-solid 1080p gaming with impressive thermals". Windows Central. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  31. "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  32. Larabel, Michael (7 December 2016). "The Best Features of the Linux 4.9 Kernel". Phoronix. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
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