Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations

The Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations (also known as the X-ray Martyrs' Memorial) is a memorial in Hamburg, Germany, commemorating those who died due to their work with the use of radiation, particularly X-rays, in medicine.[1][2][3][4] It was unveiled on the grounds of St Georg (St George's) Hospital (now the Asklepios Klinik St Georg), on 4 April 1936 by the Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (the Röntgen Society of Germany).[5][6]

Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations
53.559082°N 10.019790°E / 53.559082; 10.019790
LocationSt George's Hospital, St Georg, Hamburg, Germany
Completion date4 April 1936 (1936-04-04)
Dedicated toEarly radiology workers who died as a result

When unveiled, the memorial included 169 names,[3][5] from fifteen nations, listed alphabetically;[3][7] by 1959 there were 359,[3] with the additions listed on four separate stone plaques, beside the original columnar stone memorial.[6]

Inscription

The memorial's inscription may be translated as:[7][1]

To the Roentgenologists and radiologists of all nations,
To the doctors, physicists, chemists, technicians, laboratory assistants and nurses
who sacrificed their lives in the fight against disease.
They were valiant pioneers in the effective
and safe use of X-rays and radium in medicine.
Immortal is the glory of the work of the dead.

Book

An accompanying book, Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen (Book of Honour of radiologists of all nations) gives biographies of those commemorated. Three editions have been produced, the most recent in 1992.[8]

Names

The names of those commemorated include:

  • Heinrich Albers-Schönberg (1865–1921)
  • Gustav Baer (1865–1925)
  • Frederick Henry Baetjer (1874–1933)
  • Burton Eugene Baker (1871–1913)
  • Leonhard Baumeister (1874–1953)
  • Eugen Beaujard (1874–1937)
  • Jean Bergonié (1857–1925)
  • Elis Berven (1885–1966)
  • Reginald Blackall (-1925)[9][10]
  • Barry Blacken[11][9]
  • Joseph Boine (1883–1935)
  • Percy Brown (?–1950)
  • William Ironside Bruce (1879–1921)[11][12]
  • Eugene Wilson Caldwell (1870–1918)
  • Joaquim Roberto Cavalho (1893–1944)
  • Felipe Carriazo (1854–1919)
  • Edmond Castex (1868–1931)
  • Ettore Castronovo (1894–1954)
  • Alfred Cerné (1856–1937)
  • Frederick W. D. Collier[6]
  • Antonio Coppola (?–1922)
  • Marie Curie (1867-1934)[5]
  • Alois Czepa (1886–1931)
  • Fritz Dautwitz (1877–1932)
  • Friedrich Dessauer (1881–1963)
  • Étienne Destot (1864–1918)
  • Walter Dodd (-1916)[7]
  • Jonn Duken (1889–1954)
  • Gyula Elischer von Thurzóbánya (1875–1929)
  • Arthur W. Erskine (1885–1952)
  • Johan Frederik Fischer (1868–1922)
  • Frederick R. Forster[6]
  • William Hope Fowler (1876–1933)[9]
  • Shigeo Furuya (1891–1955)
  • Fritz Giesel (1852–1927)
  • Hermann Gocht (1869–1938)
  • Maximilian Gortan (1873–ca. 1936)
  • Fedor Haenisch (1874–1952)
  • John Hall-Edwards (1858–1926)
  • Anna Hamann (1894–1969)
  • Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (1907–1957)
  • Georges Haret (1874–1932)
  • H. Harris[6]
  • Georg Heber (1872–1931)
  • Guido Holzknecht (1872–1931)
  • Hermann Hopf (-after 1928)
  • Friedrich Janus (1875–1951)
  • Rudolf Jedlička (1869–1926)
  • Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956)
  • James Philip Kerby (1886–1952)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Klingelfuss (1859–1932)
  • Paul Lazarus (1873–1957)
  • Charles Lester Leonard (1861–1913)
  • Adolphe Leray (1865–1926)
  • Max Levy-Dorn (1863–1929)
  • Félix Lobligeois (1874–1941)
  • Bertram V. A. Low-Beer (1900–1955)
  • Cecil Lyster (1859–1920)[11]
  • Robert Hermann Machlett (1872–1926)
  • Stanley Melville (1867–1934)[12]
  • Lawrie Morrison (-1933)[7]
  • José Casimiro Carteado Mena (1876–1949)
  • Carl Heinrich Florenz Müller (1845–1912)
  • John Murphy(1885–1944)
  • Takashi Nagai (1908–1951)
  • George Harrison Orton (1873–1947)[12]
  • Ernest Payne (?–1936)
  • George Alexander Pirie[11]
  • Mario Ponzio (1885–1956)
  • James R. Riddell[11][9]
  • Blandina Ridder (1871–1916)
  • Heber Robarts (1852–1922)
  • Jacob Rosenblatt (1872–1928)
  • Francis Le Roy Satterlee (1881–1935)
  • Arthur Schaarschmidt (1879-1959)
  • Erno Schiffer (1893-1951)
  • Otto Schreiber (1882–1925)
  • Fumiyo Shimadzu (1902–1967)
  • Hilde Maier-Smereker (1893–1954)
  • Ernst Sommer (1872–1938)
  • Adrien Celestin Marie Soret (?–1929)
  • John W. L. Spence (1870-1930)[11]
  • Itsuma Suetsugu (1893–1965)
  • Auguste-Jean-Baptiste Tauleigne (–1926)
  • Benjamin Franklin Thomas (1850–1911)
  • Dawson Turner (1857-1928)[2]
  • Tamonji Urano (1886–1954)
  • Charles Vaillant (1872–1942)
  • Ivanova-Podobed Sofia Vasilievna (1887–1953)
  • Harry Fuller Waite (1872–1946)
  • Hugh Walsham[11]
  • Louis Andrew Weigel (1854–1906)
  • John Duncan White (?–1955)
  • John Chisholm Williams[9]
  • Ernest Wilson (1871-1911)[2]
  • J. Young[6]

References
  1. "Memorial to X-ray Martyrs". The British Journal of Radiology. 9 (102): 351–353. 1936. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-9-102-351. ISSN 0007-1285.
  2. Thomas, Adrian M. K.; Banerjee, Arpan K. (2013). The History of Radiology. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-166970-5.
  3. Mould, R. F. (1993). A Century of X-Rays and Radioactivity in Medicine: With Emphasis on Photographic Records of the Early Years. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-7503-0224-1.
  4. Joarder, Ritam (22 February 2014). "History of ionizing radiation". SlideShare. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  5. "Museum of Modern Imaging". Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  6. Owen, Morris (1962). "Australian X-Ray Martyrs". Australasian Radiology. 6 (2): 90–93. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1962.tb01097.x. ISSN 0004-8461.
  7. "The Miracle and the Martyrs". Dana News & Events. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  8. Molineus, W.; Holthusen, H.; Meyer, H. (1992). Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen (3rd ed.). Berlin. ISBN 3-89412-132-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. "Radiation Martyrs". The British Journal of Radiology. 29 (341): 273. 1956. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-29-341-273. ISSN 0007-1285.
  10. "Reginald George griffiths Blackall". Leigh Lives. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  11. "The History of X-rays in Dundee". University of Dundee. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  12. Thomas, Adrian (3 November 2014). "The advent of radiation protection through WWI radiology martyrs". British Instuitute of Radiology. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

Further reading
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